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Ap biology Cellular respiration and Photosynthesis > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

Photosynthesis meaning

A

absorb and convert light energy into stored chemical energy of organic molecules

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2
Q

Autotrophs

A

self-feeders

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3
Q

Photoautotrophs

A

the ones that use light to make food

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4
Q

Heterotrophs

A

need to consume foods

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5
Q

fossil fuels

A

formed by remains of past organisms

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6
Q

what is the ultimate energy for living things

A

the sun

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7
Q

Photosynthesis happens in what organelle

A

Chloroplast

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8
Q

Chlorphyll

A

is the green pigment,in chloroplasts mesophyll

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9
Q

anatomy of the chloroplast

A

Outer membrane
inner membrane-encloses the stroma

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10
Q

Stroma

A

fluid filled enzymes to make carbs

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11
Q

stomata

A

the microscopic pores in the leaves for gas exchanges in leaves (usually on the underside of the leafs)

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12
Q

thylakoids

A

pancake discs in the chloroplasts and surrounded by stroma

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13
Q

thylakoid lumen

A

fluid-filled space inside of thylakoid

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14
Q

grana

A

its the thylakoids stacks

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15
Q

mesophyll

A

tissue in the middle of the leaf tissues ( the top tissue is waxy and the bottom tissue if rough)

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16
Q

the chlorophyll is in the

A

thylakoids membrane

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17
Q

chlorophyll absorbs what type of light

A

blue/red wavelengths

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18
Q

what color is reflected from the chlorophyll

A

yellow and green light

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19
Q

the absorbed light is

A

used

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20
Q

the transmitted light (reflected light)

A

isn’t used and its what we can see

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21
Q

because of it diff color wavelengths_______

A

some plants have diff colors

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22
Q

what comes first photosystem 1 or 2

A

photosystem 2

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23
Q

in photosystem 1 there chlorophyll_____ and how much light does it absorb -_____

A

chlorophyll a / P700

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24
Q

in photosystem 2 there chlorophyll_____ and how much light does it absorb -_____

A

A / P680

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25
the pigments absorb
light energy
26
how do chlorophyll pigments molecules reach there maximum amount of light they can absorb
energy is passed from 1 pigment molecule to another until it reaches P700 or P680 at the reaction center
27
step 1 in photosystem
light energy will hit one of the pigment molecules and bounces down
28
step 2 in photosystem
once the special pair of chlorphyll a molecules get the energy its electron will be raised to a higher energy level
29
step 3 in photosystem
once the e- has a higher energy level it will be donated to the primary electron acceptor
30
the main plant pigment is
chlorophyll a
31
what type of chlorophyll pigment is in the reaction center
chlorophyll a
32
noncyclic electron transport
not a cycle its a cont. linear process ( 1 way flow of e- from water to NADP+
33
the noncyclic Electron transport makes
ATP and NADPH
34
step 1 of photolysis
a photon hits a pigment and its energy is passed along pigment molecules until it excites P680
35
step 2 of photolysis
An excited electron from P680 is transferred to the primary electron acceptor once the electrons are donated the P680 gets a + temporarily
36
step 3 of photolysis
H2O is split by enzymes, and the electrons are transferred from the hydrogen atoms to P680+ thus reducing it to P680
37
what is released as a by product of step 3 of photolysis
O2
38
photolysis is
light splitting
39
during photolysis
every e- is donated to P680 and P+ are released and crating a chemical electrical gradient into the thylakoid lumen
40
for 1 oxygen to be released into the atmosphere how many waters need to be split
2 ( 2 H20------>O2+4H+)
41
Photosynthesis formula
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light --> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
42
photosynthesis has many _____ steps
complex
43
2 parts of photsynthesis
Light-dependant (photo)- thylakoids carbon fixation ( synthesis) - stroma
44
photosynthesis _____ the direction of e- flow compared to _____
reverses / resperation
45
NADP+ to
NADPH
46
Reaction center +
many antenna complexes
47
antenna complexes
absorbs light energy and transfers it to reaction center
48
reaction center light energy--->
chemical energy be series of e- transfers
49
step 4 of photolysis
each electron "falls" down an ETC from the primary electron acceptor of PS 11 to PS 1
50
step 5 of photolysis
energy released by the fall drives the creation of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane. Diffusion of H+ (protons) across the membrane drive ATP synthesis
51
step 6 of photolysis
meanwhile in PS 1, juse lke PS 2 the transffered ligh energy excite P700 which loses e- to an electron acceptor. P700+ ( P700 that is missing an electron ) accepts an electron passed down from PS 2 via the ETC
52
step 7 of photolysis
each electron falls down an ETC from the primary electron acceptor of PS1 to the Protein ferredoxin (FD)
53
step 8 of photolysis
the e- are then transferred to NADP+ nad reduced to NADPH. The electrons of NADPH are available for the reactions of the calvin cycle.
54
chloroplasts and mitochondria both generate ATP by chemiosmosis but
use different sources of Energy
55
Mitochondria transfer chemical energy from food to ATP; chloroplast
transform light energy into the chemical energy of ATP
56
Spatial organization of chemiosmosis
differs and can be similar between both mitochondria and chloroplast
57
In mitochondria, protons are pumped to the intermembrane space and drive ATP synthesis as they diffuse back into the mitochondrial matrix but in chloroplast
protons are pumped into the thylakoid space and drive ATP synthesis as they diffuse back into the stroma
58
By chemosmosis_____
ATP synthesis
59
some of the energy not released------>
Drives synthesis of ATP (endergonic)
60
The synthesis of ATP in chloroplasts, promoted by light, is called
photophosphorylation
61
the final acceptor in the photolysis
is NADP+----->NADPH
62
the light reaction ( photolysis) products
ATP and NADPH
63
calvin cycle products
G3P
64
carbon fixation
The Calvin cycle begins with the incorporation of carbon dioxide from the air into organic molecules already present in the chloroplast.
65
carbon fixation direct light is or not needed
not
66
carbon fixation depends on
products of the light reaction
67
the c3 pathway
is a pathway where majority of plants create G3P as a first product of carbon dioxide fixation in the calvin cycle
68
the calvin cycle occurs in the
stroma and there are more than one reactions
69
3 phases ofcalvin cycle
-co2 uptake -carbon reduction -RuBP regeneration
70
how many reactions in Co2 uptake ( calvin cycle)
one
71
step 1 of Co2 uptake
the carbon dioxide will attach with RuBP (5c) with an enzyme
72
step 2 of Co2 uptake
the co2 and RuBP will become a short lived intermediate and then immediately it will become 2 PGA (3c each)
73
carbon reduction phase step 1
a phosphate is added to PGA which creates the molecule 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
74
carbon reduction pase step 2
the 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate molecules are reduced (gain electrons). Each molecule receives two electrons from NADPH and loses one of its phosphate groups, turning into G3P
75
carbon reduction products
NADP+ and phosphate as a by product
76
for net synthesis for 1 g3p
the cycle must take place 3 times,fixing three molecules of co2
77
how many reactions are in the RuBP regeneration phase
10
78
in RuBP regeneration phase the 30 c (from the 10 G3P left from carbon reduction phase) rearranged into
6 ribulose phosphate (+P)----> RuBP (5c where reaction started)
79
Inputs of carbon fixation
6 co2 p from ATP e-(as hydrogen) from NADPH
80
end of carbon fixation
6c remaining G3P-----> makes RuBP which combines with more co2

Ap biology Cellular respiration and Photosynthesis (5 decks)

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