AP EXAM Flashcards by Milla Hanova

a book written by Machiavelli about how to rule effectively

The Prince

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U.S. Conservative president during the 80’s that sparred with Gorbachev

Reagan

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Florentine Banking Family and Art Patrons

Medicis

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famous Greek mannerist artist

El Greco

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most famous Renaissance Ruling woman “first lady of the world”

Isabelle d’Este

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Commissioned the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

Pope Julius II

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Humanist who wrote a biography about Cicero

Leonardi Bruni

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written by Pico della Mirandola (studied all schools of philosophy)

Oration on the Dignity of Man

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earliest Italian Renaissance artist known for his frescoes

Masaccio

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The Birth of Venus and La Primavera

Botticelli

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Mona Lisa

Leonardo da Vinci

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considered himself first and foremost a sculptor

Michelangelo Buonarroti

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name of the most famous panel on Sistine Chapel ceiling

Creation of Adam

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Flemish Artist of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Bride

Jan Van Eyck

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The most Catholic Monarchs (name both)

Ferdinand and Isabella

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dynasty that rule the Holy Roman Empire

Habsburgs

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Czech religious reformer burned at the stake

Jan Hus

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most influential of all Christian Humanists “Praise of Folly”

Erasmus

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“as soon as the coin in the coffer rings a soul from purgatory springs”

Johann Tetzel

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book written by Sir Thomas More

Utopia

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who protected Luther?

Frederick the Wise/ Elector of Saxony

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radical who inflamed the peasants “strike while the iron is hot”

Thomas Müntzer

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Holy Roman Emperor who met with Luther and had issues with France and the pope

Charles V

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“The Magnificent” leader of the Ottoman Empire

Suleimann

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author of the "Divine Comedy"

Dante Alighieri

Swiss reformer who formed the Anabaptists

Zwingli

started the Church of England

Henry VIII

set up the Calvinist church in Scotland

John Knox

England's Catholic Queen who executed many Protestants

Mary I (Bloody Mary)

Virgin Queen who made England significant again

Elizabeth I

defeated the Incas in Peru

Pizarro

Married Marie Antoinette

Louis XVI

what lawyer turned leader of the French Revolution became a crazy person and ended up going to the guillotine after his failed suicide attempt?

Robespierre

Leader of the Congress of Vienna

Metternich

On the Origin of Species

Darwin

French author and philosopher who fought for freedom of speech and was exiled to England

Voltaire

the laws of planetary motion and that planets moved in ellipses

Kepler

Romantic artist of Liberty Leading Her People

Delacroix

British Cotton manufacturer who believed humans should live in a cooperative environment

Robert Owen

British pioneer of Mass Tourism (Paris, Switzerland)

Thomas Cook

French scientist who discovered the capabilities of radium

Marie Curie

The Starry Messenger

Galileo

German Scientist of the theory of relativity

Einstein

Irrational thinker "god is dead" rejected democracy and universal suffrage

Nietzche

Revolutionary Socialist who advocated violence to ensure socialism (general strike)

Georges Sorel

Father of psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud

"My Struggle" written by Hitler

Mein Kampf

Conservative prime minister of England (first female)

Thatcher

invented the steam engine and is sometimes considered the father of the Industrial Revolution

James Watt

Feminist who authored "Vindication of the Rights of Woman"

Mary Wollstonecraft

Principia

Sir Isaac Newton

"I think therefore I am"

Renee Descartes

16th century father of anatomy

Andreas Vesalius

He was beheaded and Oliver Cromwell took over

Charles I

Discourse on Method (father of modern rationalism)

Descartes

law of universal gravitation

Isaac Newton

Assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Gabriel Princip

Brit who came up with the Scientific Method

Francis Bacon

On the Motion of the Heart and Blood

William Harvey

French Scientist who fought to keep religion and science united. Wrote "Pensees"

Pascal

What Napoleon descendent was elected leader of France

Louis Napoleon or Napoleon III

German leader of the Afrika Korps who was known for being a human Nazi leader that was forced to commit suicide for ignoring Hitler's orders

Rommel

Leader of the USSR after Stalin

Kruschev

English author who wrote "Reflections on the Revolution in France" (conservatism)

Edmund Burke

One of the two liberators of South America

Simon Bolivar

Who were the Greeks revolting against in the Greek Revolt

Ottoman Turks

Russian author of "War and Peace"

Lev Tolstoy

Prolific Spanish author who developed Cubism

Picasso

Russian Abstract painter who concentrated on color

Kandinksy

Impressionist composer of Claire de Lune

De Bussy

Composer of the Revolutionary "Rite of Spring"

Stravinksy

Invented the light bulb

Thomas Edison

invented the telephone

Alexander Graham Bell

sent first radio waves across the Atlantic

Marconi

female entomologist studied life cycles

Maria Merian

English philosopher of natural rights Life, Liberty, and Property

John Locke

came up with the idea of the Separation of Powers

Montesquieu

French Neoclassical artist: Tennis Court Oath, Death of Marat, and Coronation of Napoleon

Jaques Louis David

Italian philosophe against capital punishment

Beccaria

Founder of the Methodist movement

John Wesley

Most famous French Mistress (Louis XV)

Madame Pompedour

most educated and cultured monarch of the 18th century, briefly had Voltaire in his court

Frederick the Great

Name one of the Enlightened Monarchs

Joseph II

Austrian princess married to Louis XVI

Marie Antoinette

British radical leader of the suffragette movement

Emmeline Pankhurst

advocated for a Zionist state "The Jewish State"

Theodor Herze

Jew accused of selling secrets and was imprisoned but eventually pardoned

Alfred Dreyfus

British entrepreneur who found gold and diamonds in Africa

Cecil Rhodes

German leader in WWI

Kaiser Wilhelm II

The "Butcher of Congo" pretty much one of the worst humans ever

King Leopold II

Leader of the Bolsheviks that overthrew the Tsar

Vladimir Lenin

a Siberian peasant who had Alexandra under his spell

Rasputin

Author "On Liberty" that also advocated for women's rights

John Stuart Mill

What Russian Tsar reformed education, relaxed censorship and freed political prisoners only to quickly revert back to complete control and censorship

Tsar Alexander II

Successful leader of the Haitian Revolution

Toussaint L'Ouverture

Uncertainty principle

Heisenberg

French socialist who came up with the idea of state run workshops

Louis Blanc

Painted the Sistine Chapel Ceiling

Michelangelo Buonarroti

Norther European artist of everyday people, festivals, weddings, etc.

Brueghel

Father of Italian Renaissance Humanism

Petrarch

written by Castiglione on how to be a proper European Aristocrat

Book of the Courtier

invented the Printing Press

Johann Gutenberg

painting by Raphael that showed many famous Greeks

School of Athens

Il Duomo

did any earlier bronze of David

Donatello

La Pieta

Michelangelo Buonarroti

The Last Supper

Leonardo da Vinci

AP EXAM Flashcards

(107 cards)