French Revolution/Napoleon

Question 1

The beginning of the Revolutions started with the ______________ ________________:

Answer 1

American Revolution

Question 2

Great Britain was the world’s greatest ________ _________, but on ______ ___, ______ the Second Continental Congress approved the Declaration of Independence written by _________ _________:

Answer 2

colonial power; July 4, 1776; Thomas Jefferson

Question 3

The Declaration of Independence affirmed the Enlightenment’s ideas of:

Answer 3

natural rights, (“life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”)

Question 4

T/F, The British were a strong military power with a lot of wealth:

Answer 4

True

Question 5

______ - The beginning of the U.S. and the start of the French Revolution:

Answer 5

1789

Question 6

__________ was a French military officer who served with Washington during the American Revolution:

Answer 6

Lafayette

Question 7

Lafayette became a member of the (___________), “______________”:

Answer 7

(Society of Thirty), “lovers of liberty”

Question 8

T/F, The American Revolution was more complex than the French Revolution:

Answer 8

False

Question 9

France’s population was divided into 3 estates:
•1st estate - ________
•2nd estate - _________
•3rd estate - _________/___________

Answer 9

Clergy, Nobility, Commoners of Society/Peasants

Question 10

The Clergy _________ pay taille; The clergy was __________ divided because of ________:

Answer 10

didn’t; politically, wealth

Question 11

T/F, The nobility paid taille:

Answer 11

False

Question 12

What percentage of the 3rd estate did peasants make up?:

Answer 12

75-80%

Question 13

Aside from peasants, who else belonged to the 3rd estate?:

Answer 13

craftsmen (powerful discontent in the cities) and the bourgeoisie (middle class) who were lawyers, doctors, writers, etc.

Question 14

Peasants had to pay _________ of _________:

Answer 14

relics of feudalism

Question 15

What were relics of feudalism?:

Answer 15

fees for using the flour mill, community oven, wine press as well as tithes to the clergy

Question 16

T/F, Nobility could hunt on peasant lands:

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Bread prices ________ and most 3rd estate spent 1/3 to 1/2 of their wealth on bread:

Answer 17

increased

Question 18

It is believed the actual cause of the Revolution was _____ ___________ ___________:

Answer 18

old political grievances

Question 19

List seven other problems that the French monarchy faced:

Answer 19

• Bad harvests (1787 – 1788)
• Manufacturing Depression
• Food Shortages
• Unemployment
• Enlightened philosophes and authors such as Rousseau
• Financial crisis (one of the biggest problems)

Question 20

What was the economic crisis that the French monarchy, and inherently, people, due to?:

Answer 20

Economic crisis was due to money spent in the American Revolution, royal extravagance, debt (over 40 billion)

Question 21

Who was the general of finance in France?:

Answer 21

Charles de Colonne

Question 22

T/F, Charles de Colonne was unable to borrow any more money and gathered an assembly of notables:

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Colonne’s assembly of notables was _________ which led to a calling of the __________ __________; the Government needed to _______ _________:

Answer 23

unsuccessful, Estates General; raise money

Question 24

The Estates General was what? And when was the last time it had met before Colonne’s assembly of notables?:

Answer 24

The French Parliament; 1614

Question 25

The Estates General became the _______ ________ and changed voting by _______ to voting by _________:

Answer 25

National Assembly; order, head

Question 26

The National Assembly met at a _______ _______ when their first meeting place was locked, presumably by the __________:

Answer 26

tennis court, king

Question 27

The French Monarchs from 1775 – 17?? were __________ ___________ and King Louis ______:

Answer 27

1793; Marie Antoinette; XVI

Question 28

What was the Bastille?:

Answer 28

The French Armoury and State Prison in Paris.

Question 29

When was the Storming of the Bastille?:

Answer 29

July 14, 1789

Question 30

What was the Great Fear?:

Answer 30

Following the many peasant revolts that started to break out, the vast panic that spread through the Countryside of France was known as the Great Fear.

Question 31

What was the main goal of the Destruction of the Old Regime?:

Answer 31

To get rid of the relics of feudalism.

Question 32

What were the main points in 'The Declaration of the Rights of Man'? And what was 'The Declaration of the Rights of Man'?:

Answer 32

Liberty, property, security; basically France's Declaration of Independence.

Question 33

What document was written by Olympe de Gouges following 'The Declaration of the Rights of Man'?:

Answer 33

'The Declaration of the Rights of Woman'.

Question 34

T/F, 'The Declaration of the Rights of Woman' was ignored by the National Assembly:

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What occurred during the Women's March for Bread?:

Answer 35

The women escorted the king and queen (Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette) from Versailles to Paris as prisoners, and seized bags of flour to make bread from.

Question 36

The Catholic Church was considered part of the ______ ________ and forced to swear allegiance to the _________ _______________:

Answer 36

Old Regime, Civil Constitution

Question 37

T/F, the Catholic Church was viewed as a friend to the French Revolution:

Answer 37

False, the Catholic Church was viewed as an enemy to the Revolution.

Question 38

1791 – a new ______________ was written, in which the king had ________ powers, and France's government was now a ____________ ________________ _____________:

Answer 38

Constitution; fewer; Limited Constitutional Monarchy

Question 39

Who were the Jacobins?:

Answer 39

a radical group including elite, artisans, and tradespeople

Question 40

Who led the Sans Culottes?:

Answer 40

Georges Danton

Question 41

Who were the Sans Culottes/ what did they want/believe?:

Answer 41

They sought revenge on those who had aided the King. Thousands were arrested and massacred.

Question 42

Who were the Revolutionary leaders who emerged in France at around the same time?:

Answer 42

Georges Danton, Maximillian Robespierre, and Jean-Paul Marat

Question 43

Who was Jean-Paul Marat?:

Answer 43

French doctor, political theorist, and inciter of the French Revolution. He also published a radical journal called 'Friend of the People'.

Question 44

At the _________ Convention they wanted to __________ the ____________:

Answer 44

National; abolish; monarchy

Question 45

What were the two factions of the Jacobins?:

Answer 45

The Girondins and the Mountain

Question 46

Who did the Girondins represent and what did they want?:

Answer 46

The Girondins represented the areas outside the cities. They wanted to keep the King alive.

Question 47

What did the Mountain want, and were they successful?:

Answer 47

The Mountain wanted to kill the King, and they were successful.

Question 48

Why was the Guillotine invented, and what were two names for it?:

Answer 48

The Guillotine was invented to kill quickly and humanely. •"A cool breath on the back of the neck." •"The National Razor."

Question 49

Louis' execution outraged much of Europe. A coalition of which six countries fought against France in the hopes of doing what?:

Answer 49

Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, Britain, and the Dutch, in the hopes of restoring the old regime.

Question 50

The Committee of Public Safety was led by a group of ______ ________ who did what? What was France referred to during this time by the Committee of Public Safety?:

Answer 50

12 men, who ordered the executions of enemies, as well as send representatives on missions, and tried to regulate the prices on food, goods, drinks, fuel, clothing, etc.

Question 51

What were the roles of women in the Revolution/how did they change?:

Answer 51

Women played a very large role in the Revolution in some regard but it was still a widely held opinion that it was more important for them to be homemakers than be involved in politics.

Question 52

The French were defeated in Austria and sent back to Paris. A group of people from this city defended Paris successfully, and now the National Anthem of France is named after the city. What is the city, and what is the French National Anthem's title?:

Answer 52

Marseille; La Marseillaise

Question 53

Following the French defeat in Austria, the Revolution entered a more ________ stage with the power switching from the ___________ __________ to the _________ _____________:

Answer 53

Radical; National Assembly; Paris Commune

Question 54

After the switch to the Paris Commune, _____ ________ was appointed as the ________ of ________. Traitors or suspected traitors were __________:

Answer 54

Georges Danton; Minister of Justice; executed.

Question 55

After entering the more radical stage in the French Revolution, the Convention meets. What did the Convention do?:

Answer 55

The Convention abolished the monarchy and established a Republic.

Question 56

Who assassinated Jean-Paul Marat, and why?:

Answer 56

Charlotte Corday, a Girondin sympathizer, and she felt that Marat's death would help squash or lighten the violence of the French Revolution.

Question 57

What were peasants who revolted against the draft called?:

Answer 57

Vendee

Question 58

What was a commonly said phrase used by those who resisted the Revolution?:

Answer 58

"Long live the king and our priests in the old regime."

Question 59

Name three cities that resisted the Revolution:

Answer 59

Lyon, Nantes, and Marseilles

Question 60

What occurred in Lyon and Nantes in response to the Resistance?:

Answer 60

In Lyon there were mass executions, and in Nantes, many people were shackled and put on barges that were then sunk.

Question 61

France created the Republic's Army. How large was it, and was unique about it?:

Answer 61

It consisted of 650,000–1,000,000+ men (which was the largest army Europe had ever seen), and it was unique because it was the first time an army was tied to a country or movement instead of an Empire. This was the beginning of Nationalism.

Question 62

When was the Reign of Terror?:

Answer 62

1793 – 1794

Question 63

How did Robespierre change during the Reign of Terror?:

Answer 63

Robespierre when from a small town lawyer and member of the Estates–General to a radical and decapitation obsessed crazy person.

Question 64

Why was the Committee of Public Safety created? Why were courts set up?:

Answer 64

The Committee of Public Safety was created in order to squash any foreign or domestic threat to France. Courts were set up to prosecute internal enemies.

Question 65

During the Reign of Terror, how many people were killed? Name two people in particular who were killed during this time period:

Answer 65

40,000 people were killed, including Marie Antoinette and Olympe de Gouges

Question 66

How were people addressed during the Reign of Terror?:

Answer 66

Everyone was addressed as citizen

Question 67

During this time, De-christianization also took place as there was to be no authority higher than the National Convention. Give five examples of De-christianization:

Answer 67

* All words saint were removed * Churches were robbed and closed * Priests were encouraged to marry * Notre Dame became known as the "Temple of Reason" * Worship Reason rather Christ

Question 68

A new calendar was also created during this time. List Three examples of changes that were made to the Calendar:

Answer 68

* The months were renamed (such as Thermidor or heat, or Frimaire or frost) * Three weeks a month, ten days per week * Last five days of the year were to celebrate; Virtue, Intelligence, Labor, Opinion, and Rewards.

Question 69

Walk through five events that occurred, in order, as the Reign of Terror ended:

Answer 69

1. France defeated foreign foes 2. Danton is executed 3. Robespierre is executed (after a failed suicide attempt) 4. The Jacobins lose power 5. Churches reopen

Question 70

The Constitution of _______ establishes a ______ _______ _______:

Answer 70

1795, national legislative assembly

Question 71

The National Legislative Assembly was comprised of 2 chambers, the ______ _______ with 500 seats and the _______ ________ with _____ seats:

Answer 71

lower house; upper house, 250

Question 72

The Directory was composed of ______ directors who were elected by the ________ ____ ________:

Answer 72

five; Council of Elders

Question 73

What were those who wanted to restore the monarchy known as?:

Answer 73

Royalists

Question 74

Who did the Directory rely on to maintain power and control?:

Answer 74

the military

Question 75

Napoleon Bonaparte dominated Europe from _____ to ______:

Answer 75

1799; 1821

Question 76

The coup d'etat that brought Napoleon to power occurred how long after the French Revolution?:

Answer 76

10 years after the French Revolution

Question 77

Give a quote from Napoleon Bonaparte:

Answer 77

"I am the Revolution."

Question 78

Where was Napoleon born, and where was he educated (why was he educated here)?:

Answer 78

Born in Corsica (an Italian island annexed by France); he was educated in France because at this time France was known for having one of the best educational systems

Question 79

Napoleon's military education led to his _______ as a ___________:

Answer 79

commission; lieutenant

Question 80

Why was Napoleon not well like at first?:

Answer 80

He short, had an Italian accent, was poorer.

Question 81

Napoleon was well read. What did he read about?:

Answer 81

Philosophy, Rousseau, military matters, Alexander the Great, Charlemagne

Question 82

T/F, Napoleon rose quickly through the ranks and was seen as a hero by some Parisians:

Answer 82

True

Question 83

Who did Napoleon marry?:

Answer 83

Josephine de Beauharnais

Question 84

T/F, Napoleon became commander of the French military, and had victories over the Austrians and in the Italian campaign:

Answer 84

True

Question 85

What are some of Napoleon's characteristics?:

Answer 85

Charming, energetic, good decision maker

Question 86

How old was Napoleon when he became dictator of France?:

Answer 86

Napoleon was 30 years old.

Question 87

In what year did Napoleon crown himself emperor?:

Answer 87

1804

Question 88

What were prefects and what did they do?:

Answer 88

Prefects were the central government's agents appointed by Napoleon. They supervised local governments and collected taxes. Also, everyone paid taxes.