Vocabulary Quiz #3 Flashcards
(46 cards)
economic imperialism:
the process in which banks and corporations from developed nations invest in underdeveloped regions and establish a major presence there in the hope of making high profits; not necessarily the same as colonial expansion in that businesses invest where they can make a profit, which may not be in their own nation’s colonies
economic liberalism:
the idea that government should not interfere in the workings of the economy
Einsatzgruppen:
in Nazi Germany, special strike forces in the SS that played an important role in rounding up and killing Jews
empiricism:
the practice of relying on observation and experiment
enclosure acts:
laws enacted in eighteenth-century Britain that allowed large landowners to enclose the old open fields, thereby combining many small holdings into larger units and forcing many small farmers to become tenant farmers or wage labourers on the large estates
encomienda:
in Spanish America, a form of economic and social organization in which a Spaniard was given a royal grant that enabled the holder of the grant to collect tribute from the Indians and use them as labourers
enlightened absolutism:
an absolute monarchy in which the ruler followed the principles of the Enlightenment by introducing reforms for the improvement of society, allowing freedom of speech and the press, permitting religious toleration, expanding education, and ruling in accordance with the laws
Enlightenment:
an eighteenth-century intellectual movement, led by the philosophes, that stressed the application of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of life
entrepreneur:
one who organizes, operates, and assumes the risk in a business venture in the expectation of making a profit
Epicureanism:
a philosophy founded by Epicurus in the fourth century B.C.E. that taught that happiness (freedom from emotional turmoil) could be achieved through the pursuit of pleasure (intellectual rather than sensual pleasure)`
equestrians:
a group of extremely wealthy men in the late Roman Republic who were effectively barred from high office but sought political power commensurate with their wealth; called equestrians because many had gotten their start as cavalry officers (equites)
estates (orders):
the traditional tripartite division of European society based on heredity and quality rather than wealth or economic standing, first established in the Middle Ages and continuing into the eighteenth century; traditionally consisted of those who pray (the clergy), those who fight (the nobility), and those who work (all the rest).
ethnic cleansing:
the policy of killing or forcibly removing people of another ethnic group; used by Serbs against Bosnian Muslims in the 1990s
Eucharist:
a Christian sacrament in which consecrated bread and wine are consumed in celebration of Jesus’s Last Supper; also called the Lord’s Supper or communion
Eurocommunism:
a form of communism that dropped its Marxist ideology. It was especially favoured in Italy.
evolutionary socialism:
a socialist doctrine espoused by Eduard Bernstein who argued that socialists should stress cooperation and evolution to attain power by democratic means rather than by conflict and revolution
exchequer:
the permanent royal treasury of England. It emerged during the reign of King Henry II in the twelfth century
excommunication:
in the Catholic Church, a censure depriving a person of the right to receive the sacraments of the church
existentialism:
a philosophical movement that arose after World War II that emphasized the meaninglessness of life, born of the desperation caused by two world wars
family allowances:
one aspect of the welfare state whereby the state provides a minimum level of material assistance for children
fascism:
an ideology or movement that exalts the nation above the individual and calls for a centralized government with a dictatorial leader, economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition; in particular, the ideology of Mussolini’s Fascist regime in Italy.
federates:
German troops enlisted in groups to fight as allies for the Romans
feminism:
the belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes; also, organized activity to advance women’s rights
fief:
a landed estate granted to a vassal in exchange for military services
