AP notes 33-37

Question 1

33. COUNTERARGUMENT

Answer 1

an argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory
developed in another argument. When writing in the argumentative mode, it is MANDATORY that
the writer acknowledge the “other” side to his or her argument. It is part of the refutation of
someone else’s claim to support your own “side” of the argument that you are making.

Question 2

34. CLAIM

Answer 2

: If somebody gives an argument to support his/her position, it is called making a claim.
Different reasons are usually presented to prove why a certain point should be accepted as logical. A
general model is given below to explain the steps following in making a claim:

Question 3

35. EVIDENCE

Answer 3

Evidence is a type of literary device that appears in different categories of essays and theses
in the form of paraphrase and quotations. It is presented to persuade the readers and used with powerful
arguments in the texts or essays. In rhetoric, when a person makes a claim or presents an argument, he
needs to present evidence in support of his claim and argument in order to establish the veracity and
authenticity of his claim or argument. If there is no evidence, the claim stands quashed. The same is true
with a case in law where a case or litigation is quashed, if there is no evidence to support the claim.
However, literary evidence is only used in literature, essays and research papers for persuasion and
convincing purposes.

Question 4

36. WARRANT

Answer 4

A warrant is the glue that holds an argument together. It links the evidence to the claim.
It says something like “This evidence supports the claim because…” and it is always in a similar form that
is more of a statement of support of “WHY” your evidence supports your assertion/claim.

Question 5

37. FALLACY:

Answer 5

: A fallacy is an erroneous argument dependent upon an unsound or illogical contention.
There are many fallacy examples that we can find in everyday conversations.