AP Sem Vocab

Question 1

ideas shared among a group of people; something that is usual, typical, or standard.

Answer 1

beliefs and norms

social/cultural

Question 2

Race

Answer 2

the concept of dividing people into groups on the basis of various sets of physical characteristics and the process of ascribing social meaning to those groups.
social/cultural

Question 3

established organization working for the preservation of culture

Answer 3

cultural institution
social/cultural

Question 4

a cultural system composed of myths, rituals, symbols and beliefs created by humans as a way of giving our individual and collective lives a sense of meaning

Answer 4

Religion
social/cultural

Question 5

position of an individual or group on the socioeconomic scale, which is determined by a combination of social and economic factors such as income, amount and kind of education, type and prestige of occupation, place of residence,

Answer 5

Socioeconomic Status
social/cultural

Question 6

the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group

Answer 6

culture
social/cultural

Question 7

compliance with standards, rules, or laws.

Answer 7

conformity
social/cultural

Question 8

failure or refusal to conform to a prevailing rule or practice.

Answer 8

non-conformity
social/cultural

Question 9

the male sex or the female sex, especially when considered with reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones

Answer 9

gender
social/cultural

Question 10

A set of behaviors, attitudes, and personality characteristics expected and encouraged of a person based on his or her sex.

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Answer 10

gender roles
social/cultural

Question 11

One or both parents and their children.

Answer 11

nuclear family
social/cultural

Question 12

Movement up or down the social hierarchy.

Answer 12

social mobility
social/cultural

Question 13

The process whereby members of a group give up parts of their own culture in order to blend in to a new culture.

Answer 13

assimilation
social/cultural

Question 14

A norm so strongly held by a society that its violation brings extreme disgust.

Answer 14

taboo
social/cultural

Question 15

Mores- customs and norms of a society or a community; Values the core principles and ideals upon which an entire community exists and protect and rely upon

Answer 15

mores and values
social/cultural

Question 16

That it has the ability to decompose naturally and harmlessly. So-called biodegradable packaging helps limit the number of harmful chemicals that are released into the atmosphere.

Answer 16

Biodegradable
enviromental

Question 17

The number and variety of plant and animal species that exist in a particular environmental area or in the world in general, or the problem of preserving and protecting it.

Answer 17

Biodiversity
environmental

Question 18

Changes to long standing climate patterns due to increasing average global temperatures

Answer 18

Climate change
environmental

Question 19

The felling of trees in a large area; destruction of forests by people. Deforestation is destroying large areas of rainforest.

Answer 19

deforestation
environmental

Question 20

The process by which the land becomes desert.

Answer 20

desertification
environmental

Question 21

Things like minerals, forests, coal, etc. that exist in a place and can be used by people. Some natural resources, such as natural gas and fossil fuels, cannot be replaced.

Answer 21

Natural resources
environmental

Question 22

sources that will run out or will not be replenished in our lifetimes—or even in many, many lifetimes.

Answer 22

nonrenewable energy
environmental

Question 23

It describes a form of energy that can be produced as quickly as it is used. Renewable energy sources such as wind and wave energy.Na

Answer 23

renewable energy
environmental

Question 24

A development that is causing little or no harm to the environment and can therefore continue for a long time.

Answer 24

Sustainable development
environmental

Question 25

a measurement of the amount of carbon-dioxide a person adds to the atmosphere

Answer 25

carbon footprint environmental

Question 26

an adjective used to describe the environment that is contaminated with pollutants and other hazardous substances. This could include a polluted river, a contaminated lake, or a toxic waste site.

Answer 26

Toxic environmental

Question 27

a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

Answer 27

ecosystem environmental

Question 28

1. : a class of things of the same kind and with the same name : kind. 2. : a category of living things that ranks below a genus, is made up of related individuals able to produce fertile offspring, and is identified by a two-part scientific name.

Answer 28

species environmental

Question 29

the presence in or introduction into the environment of a substance or thing that has harmful or poisonous effects.

Answer 29

pollution environmental

Question 30

avoidance of the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain an ecological balance.

Answer 30

sustainability environmental

Question 31

Affect

Answer 31

VERB- to have an effect on; make a difference to. scientific

Question 32

NOUN- a change which is a result or consequence of an action or other cause.

Answer 32

effect scientific

Question 33

the closeness of a measured value to a standard or known value

Answer 33

accurate scientific

Question 34

facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis

Answer 34

data scientific

Question 35

ADJ- relating to, done by, or affecting large numbers of people or things

Answer 35

mass scientific

Question 36

the average of a data set, found by adding all numbers together and then dividing the sum of the numbers by the number of numbers.

Answer 36

mean scientific

Question 37

an element or component of an experiment that remains unchanged or unaffected by other variables

Answer 37

control scientific

Question 37

An element or component of an experiment that is altered to test the reaction of another. Independent- a variable (often denoted by x ) whose variation does not depend on that of another. Dependent- they depend, by some law or rule, on the values of other variables.

Answer 37

variable scientific

Question 38

people who participate in psychological experiments as subjects observed by the experimenter

Answer 38

subject scientific

Question 39

Statistical significance helps quantify whether a result is likely due to chance or to some factor of interest

Answer 39

Statistically Significant scientific

Question 40

a relationship or connection between two or more measures; does not imply causation

Answer 40

Correlation scientific

Question 41

a process or record of research in which detailed consideration is given to the development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time

Answer 41

case study scientific

Question 42

In research of human subjects, a survey is a list of questions aimed for extracting specific data from a particular group of people

Answer 42

survey scientific

Question 43

the degree to which the result of a measurement, calculation, or specification can be depended on to be accurate

Answer 43

reliability scientific

Question 44

lack of consistency or fixed pattern; liability to vary or change

Answer 44

variability scientific

Question 45

Sample size- refers to the number of participants or observations included in a study; Population- total number of people/subjects from which the sample size is taken

Answer 45

Sample Size versus Population scientific

Question 46

something that relates to government money or public money

Answer 46

fiscal economic

Question 47

an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit

Answer 47

capitalism economic

Question 48

the part of economics concerned with large-scale or general economic factors, such as interest rates and national productivity.

Answer 48

macroeconomics economic

Question 49

the part of economics concerned with single factors and the effects of individual decisions

Answer 49

microeconomics economic

Question 50

financial criteria such as gross margin or contribution to overhead

Answer 50

quota economic

Question 51

The price paid for borrowing money. It is expressed as a percentage rate over a period of time

Answer 51

interest economic

Question 52

cash or liquid assets being held or obtained for expenditures

Answer 52

capital economic

Question 53

cash on hand, cash on bank deposit, and assets that can be quickly and easily converted to cash.

Answer 53

liquid asset economic

Question 54

a tangible piece of property, plant, or equipment (PP&E) that you own or manage with expectations that it'll continuously help generate income

Answer 54

fixed asset economic

Question 55

how much income an investment generates, separate from the principal.

Answer 55

yield economic

Question 56

mandatory payment or charge collected by local, state, and national governments from individuals or businesses to cover the costs of general government services, goods, and activities.

Answer 56

taxes economic

Question 57

the action or process of investing money for profit or material result.

Answer 57

investment economic

Question 58

an estimate of income and expenditure for a set period of time.

Answer 58

budget economic

Question 59

something, typically money, that is owed or due

Answer 59

debt economic

Question 60

a thing that is borrowed, especially a sum of money that is expected to be paid back with interest

Answer 60

loan economic

Question 61

a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

Answer 61

socialism Political and Historical

Question 62

a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs

Answer 62

communism Political and Historical

Question 63

the governing body of a nation, state, or community.

Answer 63

government Political and Historical

Question 64

Political doctrine and practice of unlimited, centralized authority and absolute sovereigntyEN

Answer 64

absolutism Political and Historical

Question 65

a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation

Answer 65

democracy Political and Historical

Question 66

a mass political movement that emphasizes the supremacy of both the nation and the single, powerful leader over the individual citizen; a ruler with total power over a country, typically one who has obtained control by force

Answer 66

fascism and dictatorship Political and Historical

Question 67

the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances

Answer 67

mercantilism Political and Historical

Question 68

the idea that events in one country cannot be separated from those in another and that economic and foreign policy should be planned in an international way

Answer 68

globalism Political and Historical

Question 69

a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force

Answer 69

imperilism Political and Historical

Question 70

a political and social philosophy that promotes individual rights, civil liberties, democracy, and free enterprise.

Answer 70

liberalism Political and Historical

Question 71

the holding of political views that favor free enterprise, private ownership, and socially traditional ideas; typically reluctant to extreme or perceived extreme change

Answer 71

Conservatism Political and Historical

Question 72

a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch

Answer 72

republic Political and Historical

Question 73

a member of a political party advocating republicanism

Answer 73

republican Political and Historical

Question 74

identification with one's own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.

Answer 74

nationalism Political and Historical

Question 75

an advocate or supporter of democracy.

Answer 75

democrat Political and Historical new and

Question 76

new and unusual or experimental ideas, especially in the arts, or the people introducing them.

Answer 76

Avant Garde Artistic and Philosophical

Question 77

concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty.

Answer 77

aesthetic Artistic and Philosophical

Question 78

a style or technique (as in music, literature, or design) that is characterized by extreme spareness and simplicity.

Answer 78

minimilst Artistic and Philosophical

Question 79

derived from real life or nature, or imitating it very closely.

Answer 79

naturalistic Artistic and Philosophical

Question 80

of such excellence, grandeur, or beauty as to inspire great admiration or awe. OR elevate to a high degree of moral or spiritual purity or excellence.

Answer 80

sublime Artistic and Philosophical

Question 81

having the qualities of surrealism; bizarre.

Answer 81

surreal Artistic and Philosophical

Question 82

human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, without appeal to thoughts or feelings, and that some mental conditions are best treated by altering behavior patterns

Answer 82

Behaviorism Artistic and Philosophical

Question 83

an ancient Chinese belief system, which focuses on the importance of personal ethics and morality.

Answer 83

Confucius and Confucian Artistic and Philosophical

Question 84

following of ancient Greek or Roman principles and style in art and literature, generally associated with harmony, restraint, and adherence to recognized standards of form and craftsmanship, especially from the Renaissance to the 18th century

Answer 84

Classicalism Artistic and Philosophical

Question 85

branch of philosophy that deals with the first principles of things, including abstract concepts such as being, knowing, substance, cause, identity, time, and space.

Answer 85

Metaphysical Artistic and Philosophical

Question 86

an outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters.

Answer 86

Humanism Artistic and Philosophical

Question 87

Theology

Answer 87

the study of the nature of God and religious belief. Artistic and Philosophical

Question 88

John Locke

Answer 88

pioneered the ideas of natural law, social contract, religious toleration, and the right to revolution Artistic and Philosophical

Question 89

Philosopher whose concern is the problem of social and political order: how human beings can live together in peace and avoid the danger and fear of civil conflict.

Answer 89

Thomas Hobbs Artistic and Philosophical

Question 90

Pioneered dualism of mind and matter and implied a concept of human beings; known for his philosophical statement, “I think, therefore I am”

Answer 90

Descartes Artistic and Philosophical

Question 91

a Greek word meaning "character" that is used to describe the guiding beliefs or ideals that characterize an individual, community, nation, or ideology; and the balance between caution, and passion

Answer 91

ethos Ethical

Question 92

the ethical, philosophical idea that people are to be treated impartially, fairly, properly, and reasonably by the law and by arbiters of the law

Answer 92

justice Ethical

Question 93

free from discrimination, dishonesty, etc; just; impartial. in conformity with rules or standards; legitimate

Answer 93

fair Ethical

Question 94

a person's standards of behavior or beliefs concerning what is and is not acceptable for them to do; principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior.

Answer 94

morals/morality Ethical

Question 95

behavior showing high moral standards.

Answer 95

virtue Ethical

Question 96

moral principles that govern a person's behavior or the conduct of an activity.

Answer 96

ethics Ethical

Question 97

prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.

Answer 97

bias Ethical

Question 98

Equality- the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities. Equity- the quality of being fair and impartial.

Answer 98

Equality vs Equity Ethical

Question 99

Inclusive- Invites all; not excluding any of the parties or groups involved in something. Exclusive- restricted or limited to the person, group, or area concerned.

Answer 99

Inclusive vs Exclusive Ethical

Question 100

improper, illegal, or negligent professional activity or treatment, especially by a medical practitioner, lawyer, or public official

Answer 100

malpractice Ethical

Question 101

dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery.

Answer 101

corruption Ethical

Question 102

formal politeness and courtesy in behavior or speech.

Answer 102

civility Ethical

Question 103

a rule or principle which is unfairly applied in different ways to different people or groups.

Answer 103

double-standard Ethical

Question 104

refers to the act—big or small, cruel or kind—of encouraging people to believe information that is not true.

Answer 104

deception Ethical

Question 105

In agreement; allows; with permission

Answer 105

consent Ethical