ap4 midterm

Question 1

Which of the following is part of the nephron?

Answer 1

Bowman’s capsule

Question 2

Where does the majority of nutrient reabsorption occur in the nephron?

Answer 2

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Question 3

Renin is secreted by which of the following cells?

Answer 3

Juxtaglomerular cells

Question 4

Which of the following hormones increases water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Answer 4

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 5

Which organ produces erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production?

Answer 5

Kidneys

Question 6

Which process is responsible for the formation of concentrated urine?

Answer 6

Countercurrent multiplication

Question 7

Where is the center for temperature regulation located in the body?

Answer 7

Hypothalamus

Question 8

All of the following structures pass through the hilum of the kidney, EXCEPT:

Answer 8

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 9

What is the role of aldosterone in kidney function?

Answer 9

Increases sodium reabsorption

Question 10

Which cells in the kidney monitor sodium levels and provide feedback to regulate GFR?

Answer 10

Macula densa cells

Question 11

The renal corpuscle is located in the renal medulla.

Answer 11

FALSE

Question 12

Podocytes are found in the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

Answer 12

FALSE

Question 13

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is regulated by the myogenic mechanism in response to changes in blood pressure.

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

Macula densa cells are specialized cells in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT).

Answer 14

FALSE

Question 15

Angiotensin II acts as a vasoconstrictor, reducing GFR.

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

The ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

The kidneys filter 125 mL of blood per minute, which is equivalent to about 180 liters per day.

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) increases the GFR by relaxing glomerular mesangial cells.

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

The loop of Henle is impermeable to water in the ascending limb.

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

Urinary incontinence is a normal part of aging, especially for people under 30.

Answer 20

FALSE

Question 21

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 21

Nephron

Question 22

Where is most glucose reabsorbed in the nephron?

Answer 22

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Question 23

Which hormone decreases GFR by causing vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles?

Answer 23

Angiotensin II

Question 24

Which cells secrete aldosterone?

Answer 24

Adrenal cortex

Question 25

Where is ADH produced?

Answer 25

Hypothalamus

Question 26

Which structure collects urine from the nephrons?

Answer 26

Collecting duct

Question 27

The proximal convoluted tubule is responsible for reabsorbing how much of the filtered water?

Answer 27

65%-70%

Question 28

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to what substance?

Answer 28

Water

Question 29

Which hormone is released in response to low blood pressure?

Answer 29

Renin

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT filtered by the glomerulus?

Answer 30

Blood cells

Question 31

What is the name of the capillary network within the renal corpuscle?

Answer 31

Glomerulus

Question 32

What is the approximate daily urine output for a healthy adult?

Answer 32

1-2 liters

Question 33

What is the role of the loop of Henle in the nephron?

Answer 33

Create a concentration gradient

Question 34

Which cells monitor blood pressure and regulate renin secretion?

Answer 34

Juxtaglomerular cells

Question 35

What is the primary function of the renal medulla?

Answer 35

Concentration of urine

Question 36

The detrusor muscle is found in which part of the urinary system?

Answer 36

Urinary bladder

Question 37

What triggers the micturition reflex?

Answer 37

Stretch receptors in the bladder

Question 38

Which layer of the kidney contains the renal pyramids?

Answer 38

Renal medulla

Question 39

How much blood is filtered through the kidneys each day?

Answer 39

180 liters

Question 40

Where is urine stored before excretion?

Answer 40

Urinary bladder

Question 41

What does the term 'glomerular filtration rate' (GFR) refer to?

Answer 41

Amount of filtrate formed per minute

Question 42

Which structure in the nephron is responsible for secreting H+ ions?

Answer 42

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 43

Where in the nephron does most potassium secretion occur?

Answer 43

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney?

Answer 44

Production of red blood cells

Question 45

Which part of the nephron is responsible for the majority of tubular secretion?

Answer 45

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 46

What hormone promotes the reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts?

Answer 46

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 47

Which of the following best describes the role of the renal corpuscle?

Answer 47

Filter blood

Question 48

What is the typical pH range of normal urine?

Answer 48

5.0-7.0

Question 49

Which hormone regulates calcium reabsorption in the kidneys?

Answer 49

Parathyroid hormone

Question 50

Which artery provides blood to the kidney?

Answer 50

Renal artery

Question 51

What is the function of the renal cortex?

Answer 51

Filtration of blood

Question 52

The glomerular filtration barrier is composed of all of the following EXCEPT:

Answer 52

Renal tubules

Question 53

Which structure connects the kidney to the bladder?

Answer 53

Ureter

Question 54

In response to increased plasma osmolality, which hormone is released?

Answer 54

ADH

Question 55

The efferent arteriole carries blood away from which structure?

Answer 55

Glomerulus

Question 56

The countercurrent mechanism in the nephron helps in:

Answer 56

Maintaining osmotic gradient

Question 57

The renal pelvis empties into which structure?

Answer 57

Ureter

Question 58

Which cells line the urinary bladder?

Answer 58

Transitional epithelial cells

Question 59

What is the main component of urine?

Answer 59

Water