APA OR MLA Flashcards
Begin with the author’s last name followed by the year of publication of the work.
Then present the quoted or paraphrased material and include the page where it can be found.
According to Reyes (2012), the romance mode “creates a world that is not fully equivalent to our own because it goes beyond the parameters by which life is normally bounded” (p. 101).
Apa
This format follows an author-page structure. The author’s last name is presented first, and then it is followed by the page numbers).
Example:
According to Reyes, the romance mode “creates a world that is not fully equivalent to our own because it goes beyond the parameters by which life is normally bounded” (101).
Mla
Introduce the author’s last name first and then indicate the year of publication enclosed in parentheses. Present the passage without quotation marks. Place the page number(s) enclosed in parentheses after the period. Indent the block quotation a half-inch from the left margin.
Example:
Reyes (2012) particularly noted in her study that:
As a central mode in Philippine criticism, realism has given rise to a number of critical views. In general, realist criticism favors serious, socially committed and actively engaged works. Within this conceptual framework, writings that do not hew to the radical tradition assume less significance than those which follow the tradition of Rizal and the “New Propagandists.” What originally emerged in the late eighteenth century as a movement, and later as an analytical tool, has become normative. (p. 102)
Apa
Set the quote in a block quotation if it is more than four lines long for prose, three lines long for poetry, or two paragraphs long. The writer may add introductory sentences that include the author’s last name or, after the period, include the author’s last name and page number. Enclose them in parentheses.
Example:
In the book, Mr. Bennet was described as such:
Mr. Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humour, reserve, and caprice, that the experience of three-and-twenty years had been insufficient to make his wife understand his character. Her mind was less difficult to develop. She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper. When she was discontented, she fancied herself nervous. The business of her life was to get her daughters married; its solace was visiting and news. (Austen 4)
Mla
Indicate the author’s last name first and then the initial of his or her first name. Place the year of publication and enclose it in parentheses. Set the work’s title in italics. Then, include its publisher.
Example:
Austen, J. (2009). Pride and Prejudice. Penguin Random House.
Apa
Introduce the author’s last name and first name. Set the title of the work in italics.
Indicate the publisher and the year the work was published.
Example:
Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Penguin Random House, 2009.
Mla
Book with two authors
Indicate the authors’ last names first and then the initial of their first names. Arrange them in alphabetical order. Place the year of publication and enclose it in parentheses. Set the title of the work in italics. Then, include its publisher.
Example:
Cohn, R. & Levithan, D. (2008). Nick & Norah’s Infinite Playlist. Ember-Penguin Random House.
Apa
Introduce the first author’s last name and first name and then the second author’s first and last names. List them in the same order that their names appeared on the book’s title page. Set the title of the work in italics. Indicate the publisher and the year the work was published.
Example:
Cohn, Rachel, and David Levithan. Nick & Norah’s Infinite Playlist. Ember-Penguin Random House, 2008.
Mla
