Aphasia

Question 1

Aphasia

Answer 1

an impairment of language, affecting the production or comprehension of speech and the ability to read or write. It is always due to injury to the brain-most commonly from stroke, particularly in older individuals. Brain injuries resulting in aphasia may also arise from head trauma, brain tumors, or from infections.

Intellectual ability is not typically impaired.

Question 2

What is language

Answer 2

Expressive- using words, using sentences, expressing thoughts

Receptive- Understanding directions, comprehension of words, comprehension of grammar, understanding words, sentences, and meaning

Question 3

speech???

Answer 3

Aphasia is purely language (can be some overlying speech problems with aphasia)

Question 4

Right hemisphere

Answer 4

difficulty with organization, abstract thinking, holistic tasks, melody

Holistic thought
Intuition
Creativity
Art and music

Question 5

Left hemisphere

Answer 5

where language centers are located

Analytic thought
logic
language
science and math

Question 6

Brain stem

Answer 6

Motor control

Left handed individuals sometimes have better cross over functioning.

Question 7

Broca’s area

Answer 7

(very close to our motor strip) non fluent aphasia- language is very halting and effortful, by far the most common type you see.

Question 8

Wernickes area

Answer 8

Fluent aphasia (difficulties with understanding) words sound normal with rate and rhythm but doesn’t make sense. (more difficult to treat). patients cant comprehend what you are saying.

Question 9

Aphasia is not

Answer 9

Dementia,
Confused language,
Schizophrenia,
Neurogenic speech disorders (apraxia, dysarthria)

Question 10

Classification of aphasia

Answer 10

• Language fluency- smooth easy, forward flowing
• –Language impairment
• Production (expression)- short/tiny words?
• Comprehension
• Naming- confrontational naming (naming objects)
• Repetition- being able to repeat a spoken word.
• Modality- Speaking, listening, writing, reading

Anatomical regions

Question 11

TMA- non fluent

Answer 11

Transcortical motor aphasia- More rare, a non fluent aphasia (can understand and repeat but a very strong motor component)

good comprehension,
good repetition,
Grammar can be normal,
Difficulty initiating and organizing responses.

Question 12

Global aphasia- non fluent

Answer 12

significant understand and speaking, all modalities impaired.

Poor comprehension,
poor repetition,
more guarded prognosis,
A severe form of aphasia,
inability to read or write,

Question 13

Isolation aphasia- non fluent

Answer 13

rare, affected one small part

Question 14

TSA- fluent

Answer 14

transcortical sensory aphasia (parrot) repetition is so intact the patient has a hard time controlling it and may repeat all the time.

output may be meaningless or unintelligible,
poor comprehension,
intact repetition,
more rare,
difficulty reading and writing

(similar to Wernicke’s but output is not intelligible (made up words with sounds that are transposed)).

Question 15

Conduction- fluent

Answer 15

reading comprehension is well preserved/good

good comprehension,
poor repetition,
quite rare,
individuals are usually aware of their errors (unlike Wernicke’s)

Question 16

Anomia-fluent

Answer 16

Word finding difficulties

Marked difficulty with word retrieval and naming,
Comprehension is usually very good,
usually mild,
prognosis is good,
Can use strategies to compensate,

Usually limited to infrequent ability to recall words.

Question 17

Broca’s Aphasia

Answer 17

Non-fluent,
Poor repetition,
Good comprehension usually,
Halting, effortful,
“telegraphic) in nature,
Content words are present (nouns and verbs).
Function words are omitted (articles, auxiliaries)

Question 18

Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 18

fluent,
poor comprehension,
poor repetition,
not as common as brocas,
word jumble,
often do not have accompanying hemiparesis.

Question 19

Therapeutic interventions- SLP

Answer 19

variety of language based interventions depending on type of aphasia,

helpful to know prior level of function, occupation, educational level, and support network.

therapy tends to be compensatory and restorative

Question 20

Factors impacting recovery

Answer 20

• Type of stroke
• Lesion size
• age
• handedness
• gender
• motivation
• depression
• mono vs bilingualism

Question 21

Plasticity

Answer 21

the changes effected by repeated behavior following an injury; the changes in brain activity associated with tasks performed in an attempt to compensate for the impaired function.

Use it or lose it

Question 22

OT????

Answer 22

may provide:

• therapeutic intervention
• patient education
• directions to a client who has a difficulty with receptive or expressive language.

Important to know their cognition and intelligence is not affected by stroke

important to know the clients personal goals

Question 23

S.L.O.W.

Answer 23

S: shorter sentences! use shorter, simpler sentences

L: less information at a time! give one direction at a time

O: Observe! is your client understanding you? Do you need to use a gesture in addition to your words?

W: Wait! give the client time to process and respond. Even if their comprehension is good they may still need extra time.