Aphasia Exam 1 (Neuro)

Question 1

CNS

Answer 1

Brain and Spinal cord

Question 2

PNS

Answer 2

Cranial and Spinal nerves.
- Sensory/motor neurons connect CNS to rest of body.

Question 3

Horizontal

Answer 3

Top/bottom

Question 4

Coronal

Answer 4

Front/back

Question 5

Sagital

Answer 5

Equal left/right

Question 6

Parasagittal

Answer 6

Unequal left/right

Question 7

Dorsal

Answer 7

Top down view

Question 8

ventral

Answer 8

down up view

Question 9

Lateral

Answer 9

side view

Question 10

Medial

Answer 10

Middle view

Question 11

Bilateral

Answer 11

Both sides

Question 12

Ipsilateral

Answer 12

One side

Question 13

Contralateral

Answer 13

Opposite side

Question 14

Superior

Answer 14

Above, towards the top

Question 15

Anterior

Answer 15

In front of (towards the front)

Question 16

Posterior

Answer 16

behind (towards the back)

Question 17

Inferior

Answer 17

below (towards the bottom)

Question 18

Neuron

Answer 18

Building block of Nervous system

Question 19

Basic Anatomy of Neuron

Answer 19

Soma (body), Dendrite, Axon

Question 20

Soma

Answer 20

Contains the nucleus, which controls the neuron’s activities.
Integrates incoming signals and decides whether to pass them along.

Question 21

Dendrite

Answer 21

Branch-like structures that extend from the cell body.
Receive signals (neurotransmitters) from other neurons and pass them toward the cell body

Question 22

Axon

Answer 22

-long tube-like structure that carries electrical impulses AWAY from cell body.
-Covered with myelin sheath (fatty insulation) that speeds up signal transmission.
-Ends in axon terminals, where neurotransmitters are released to communicate with other neurons

Question 23

Myelin

Answer 23

Fat covering Axon, speeds up impulses
- CNS: Oligodendrocytes make Myelin
- PNS: Schwann cells make Myelin

Question 24

Chloroide Plexus

Answer 24

• Vascular portion of the ventricles
• Secretes cerebrospinal fluid
• lines with ependymal cell

Question 25

Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)

Answer 25

-important b/c protects, nourishes, cleans the brain

Question 26

Afferent Neurons

Answer 26

Sensory neurons, move TOWARDS

Question 27

Efferent Neurons

Answer 27

Motor neurons, move AWAY

Question 28

Hydrocephalus

Answer 28

too much fluid (cerebrospinal fluid) in the brain causes: blockage, poor absorption, head injuries

Question 29

Blood Brain Barrier

Answer 29

protective shield around the brain that controls what can and can’t pass from the blood into the brain. -made of ependymal cells

Question 30

Meninges

Answer 30

Pia matter, arachnoid, dura mater

Question 31

Pia Matter

Answer 31

thinnest, innermost layer of the meninges; carries arteries and veins

Question 32

Arachnoid

Answer 32

contains CSF and blood vessels; weblike; adheres to inner Dura Mater

Question 33

Dura mater

Answer 33

most external and thickest layer of the Meninges

Question 34

Another name for Primary motor cortex

Answer 34

Precentral gyrus

Question 35

Another name for Primary Sensory cortex

Answer 35

Post central gyrus

Question 36

White Matter

Answer 36

Commissural, Association, Projection

Question 37

Commissural (white matter)

Answer 37

Connect the two sides (hemispheres) of the brain. Example: Corpus callosum.

Question 38

Association fiber (white matter)

Answer 38

Connect different parts of the same hemisphere of the brain.

Question 39

Projection fibers (white matter)

Answer 39

Carry signals between the brain and spinal cord. Example: Corticospinal tract (from brain to muscles).

Question 40

Decussation

Answer 40

left hemisphere controls right side of body & right hemisphere controls left side of body. - If damage occurs ABOVE: impacts opposite side - If damage occurs BELOW: impacts same side

Question 41

Arterial systems

Answer 41

Carotid & Vertebral

Question 42

Carotid Arterial system

Answer 42

divide into external carotid and the internal carotid. supplies blood to: brain, face, neck

Question 43

Vertebral Arterial system

Answer 43

supplies blood to brainstem, cerebellum, and parts of the occipital lobe.

Question 44

Circle of Willis

Answer 44

- ring of blood vessels at the base of the brain that connects the carotid arteries (from the neck) and the vertebral arteries (from the spine). - ensures blood can still reach brain, even if arteries are blocked.