Exam 2 Dementia Flashcards
(19 cards)
Cortical Dementia
Damage to the brain’s outer layer (cerebral cortex), causing memory and language loss.
Examples: Alzheimer’s, FTD, Creutzfeldt-Jakob
Frontotemporal Dementia
Accounts for 10% of dementia cases, most diagnosed before the age of 65 years
Up to 15% of individuals with motor neuron disease may experience FTD
Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
A rare group of brain disorders causing major changes in behavior, personality, and language.
Early signs:
1. personality and behavior
2. language and communication
3. movement and motor skills
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
The most common prion disease, where proteins misfold abnormally, creating sponge-like holes in the brain. It occurs spontaneously and causes rapidly progressing dementia, leading to death within a year.
Subcortical Dementia
- Deterioration occurs initially at the subcortical levels of the brain.
- slow thinking and cognitive processing.
Examples: Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and HIV
Mixed Dementia
Has different causes, including vascular dementia, Lewy Body Dementia, and Alzheimer’s.
Vascular dementia
-common type of dementia, heterogenous
- when blood flow to the brain is reduced, often due to blockages.
- result from multiple strokes or TIAs, hypoxemia (low blood oxygen pressure), and many other cerebrovascular diseases
Assesment in dementia
Goal is to assess cognitive-communication deficits related to dementia
Standardized tests for assessing PREFORMANCE in dementia
Arizona Battery for Communication Disorders of Dementia (ABCD)
-Functional Linguistic Communication Inventory (FLCI)
-Dementia Rating Scale (DRS-2)
Arizona Battery for Communication Disorders of Dementia (ABCD)
Ages: 18-90+
Time: 45-90 minutes
Recommended for: Mild to moderate neurocognitive disorders (MCI, dementia, or head injury)
Assessment battery designed to evaluate 5 domains: Mental Status, Episodic Memory, Language Expression, Language Comprehension, and Visuospatial Construction
Functional Linguistic Communication Inventory(FLCI)
Ages: 18-90+
Time: 30 minutes
Recommended for: moderate to severe dementia
Assessment battery designed to assess functional communication strengths and weaknesses
-Dementia Rating Scale (DRS-2)
Ages: 18-89
Time: 15-30 minutes
Recommended for: adults with multiple types of neurological impairment (as a result of stroke, traumatic brain injury, or dementia) (English and Spanish-speaking adults)
Assessment battery designed to quickly assess strengths and weaknesses in five domains: attention, memory, executive functioning, language, and visuospatial skills
Standardized tests for COGNITIVE DOMAINS for dementia
Communication Activities for Daily Living (CADL-3)
-Cognitive Linguistic Quick Test (CLQT)
-Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS)
-Western Aphasia Battery-Revised (WABR)
-Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBMT-3)
-Texas Functional Living Scale (TFLS)
-Ross Information Processing Assessment-Geriatric (RIPA-G)
Screener vs. assessment
Screeners help find early signs of cognitive issues and are quick to use, making them great for regular check-ups.
Assessments give a clearer picture of cognitive problems, helping doctors diagnose and manage dementia better.
Screening for COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS
MiniCog, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
MCI & Dementia Screening:
Clock Drawing Test-CDT, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Saint Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) Exam
Cognitive Linguistic Quick Test (CLQT) (Standardized tests for COGNITIVE DOMAINS)
Ages: 18-89
Time: 15-30 minutes
Recommended for: adults with multiple types of neurological impairment (as a result of stroke, traumatic brain injury, or dementia) (English and Spanish-speaking adults)
Assessment battery designed to quickly assess strengths and weaknesses in five domains: attention, memory, executive functioning, language, and visuospatial skills
Ross Information Processing Assessment-Geriatric (RIPA-G) (Standardized tests for COGNITIVE DOMAINS)
Ages: 55+
Time: 25-30 minutes
Recommended for: mild, moderate, or severe cognitive-linguistic problems (Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Mild to moderate Alzheimer’s Disease (MAD), Right Cerebrovascular Accident (RCVA), Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI))
Assessment battery designed to identify, describe, and quantify cognitive-linguistic deficits in the geriatric population
direct vs indirect intervention
Direct: People with dementia PARTICIPATE. use strategies to maintain skills, using picture books, setting routines, and strengthening muscles for tasks like swallowing.
Indirect: Clinicians train caregivers, adjust the environment to support cognitive function, and create engaging, meaningful activities in collaboration with others.
