API 577

Question 1

What does a WPS provide?

Answer 1

Direction to the welder for production welds

API 577 6.1

Question 2

What is the purpose of the PQR?

Answer 2

Establish the properties of the weldment

API 577 6.1

Question 3

What must a WPS address?

Answer 3

Essential, Non-Essential and Supplementary essential variable when notch toughness is required

API 577 6.2

Question 4

Essential variable effect [blank] of a weld?

Answer 4

The mechanical properties

API 577 6.2

Question 5

Why does the code allow non-essential variable to be changed on the WPS, without requiring the WPS to be requalified?

Answer 5

Because non-essential variables don’t effect the mechanical properties of the weld

API 577 6.2

Question 6

What is the required format for the WPS?

Answer 6

Format is not fixed, provided it addresses the essential, non-essential, and supplementary variable when required

API 577 6.2.3

Question 7

What tests are required to qualify the WPS?

Answer 7

• Tension
• Bend
• Notch Toughness (when required)
• Hardness (when required)

API 577 6.3

Question 8

What is the required format for the PQR?

Answer 8

Format is not fized, provided it addresses the essential, and supplementary variable when required

API 577 6.3

Question 9

Why are base metals assigned P-Numbers

Answer 9

To reduce the number of welding procedure qualifications

API 577 7.2

Question 10

What are base metal P-Number assignments based upon?

Answer 10

Base metal characterics (composition, weldability, and mechanical properties)

API 577 7.2

Question 11

Why are filler metals assigned F-numbers?

Answer 11

To reduce the number of weldin procedure and performance qualifications

API 577 7.3

Question 12

What are F-Numbers based upon?

Answer 12

Usability characteristics (i.e. welders ability to make satisfactory welds)

API 577 7.3

Question 13

Why are AWS Classifications assigned to electrodes and welding rods?

Answer 13

Provides a means to identify filler metals for welding procedures

API 577 7.4

Question 14

Why are filler metals assigned A-Numbers?

Answer 14

To reduce the number of welding procedure

API 577 7.5

Question 15

What are A-Numbers based upon?

Answer 15

Chemical composition of the deposited weld metal

API 577 7.5

Question 16

If radiography (RT) is used for qualification of a welder, what length of weld must be RT’d?

Answer 16

6” minimum

API 577

Question 17

If a bend test will be used to qualify a welder, what other examination must also be performed?

Answer 17

Visual examination

API 577

Question 18

What length of weld must be RT’d to qualify a welding operator?

Answer 18

3’

API 577 8.2

Question 19

A welder’s performance qualification expires if the wedling process is not used during a [blank] period of time?

Answer 19

6 months

API 577 8.2

Question 20

What is usd to verify a welder’s qualifications are current?

Answer 20

Continuity Report

API 577 8.2

Question 21

NDE is defined as:

Answer 21

Examination of material without changing or destroying thier usefulness

API 577 9.1

Question 22

What is the minimum required lighting level for visual inspection?

Answer 22

100’ candles or 1000 lux at the surface of the part

API 577 9.3.2.1

Question 23

Magnetic particle is effective in detecting?

Answer 23

Surface and near surface discontinuities

API 577 9.4.1

Question 24

When performing Magnetic particle examination with the yold placed perpendicular to the weld, defect that run [blank] to the weld can be detected?

Answer 24

Parrallel

API 577 9.4.1

Question 25

When performaing Magnetic particle examination with e yolk placed parallel to the weld, defects that run [blank] to weld can be detected?

Answer 25

Perpendicular ## Footnote API 577 9.4.1

Question 26

What is the most popular indicator used to verify the direction magnetic flux lines?

Answer 26

Pie Gauge ## Footnote API 577 9.4.2

Question 27

What types of discontinuities is PT effective in detecting?

Answer 27

Surface-connecting discontinuities ## Footnote API 577 9.6

Question 28

What is the most common use for PT examination?

Answer 28

Austenitic stainless steel ## Footnote API 577 9.6

Question 29

What are the 3 basic steps required to perform a PT examination?

Answer 29

1. Clean and apply pentrant 2. Remove excess penetrant 3. Apply developer ## Footnote API 577 9.6

Question 30

What are the two general penetrant techniques?

Answer 30

Color contrast and fluorescent techniques ## Footnote API 577 9.6.1

Question 31

What are the three penetrant systems that can be used for the color contrast or fluorescent technique?

Answer 31

Solvent removeable, water washable, and post emulsifiable ## Footnote API 577 9.6.1

Question 32

How can eddy current be used for PMI?

Answer 32

By detecting a change in the conductivity of materials ## Footnote API 577 9.7

Question 33

What is used to determine the sensitivity of a radiograph?

Answer 33

IQI ## Footnote API 577 9.8.2

Question 34

What are the two type of IQI's that are used for radiography?

Answer 34

Hole type and wire type ## Footnote API 577 9.8.2

Question 35

What does 1T represent on a hole type penetrameter?

Answer 35

A hole with a diameter that is equal to the thickness of the penetrameter ## Footnote API 577 9.8.2

Question 36

The [blank] hole is required to be visible on an acceptable radiograph?

Answer 36

Essential ## Footnote API 577 9.8.2

Question 37

What class radiographic fils are acceptable for radiography?

Answer 37

Class 1 or 2 ## Footnote API 577 9.8.3

Question 38

When multiple exposures are required to radiograph a circumferential weld, how much overlap is required on consectuive exposures?

Answer 38

1" ## Footnote API 577 9.8.3

Question 39

How much coverage is required on each side a weld being radiographed?

Answer 39

3/4" ## Footnote API 577 9.8.3

Question 40

What radioactive isotopes are typically used for radiography?

Answer 40

Iridium 192 and Cobalt 60 ## Footnote API 577 9.8.4

Question 41

What thickness range is Irudium 192 typically used for?

Answer 41

1/4" to 3" ## Footnote API 577 9.8.4

Question 42

What thickness range is Colbat 60 typically used for?

Answer 42

1.5" to 7" ## Footnote API 577 9.8.4

Question 43

How is the minimum or maximum thickness that can be radiographed for a given material deteremined?

Answer 43

By successfully demonstrating the required sensitivity is achieved ## Footnote API 577 9.8.4

Question 44

When should the double-wall exposure technique be utilized?

Answer 44

When it is not practica to use a single wall technique ## Footnote API 577 9.8.8.1

Question 45

What are the three types of discontinuities that are difficult to identify on a radiograph?

Answer 45

* Crack * Lack of fusion * Overlap ## Footnote API 577 9.8.9

Question 46

When radiographs are taken by x-ray, what should the denisty of film be in the area of interest?

Answer 46

1.8 to 4.0 ## Footnote API 577 9.8.9.4

Question 47

When radiographs are taken by gamma ray, what should the density of film be adjacent to a wire penetrameter?

Answer 47

2.0 to 4.0 ## Footnote API 577 9.8.9.4

Question 48

Where is the ase denisty of a radiograph measured?

Answer 48

Through the IQI (penetrameter) ## Footnote API 577 9.8.9.4

Question 49

What is used to check for excessive backscatter?

Answer 49

Lead letter 'B' on back side of a film holder/cassette ## Footnote API 577 9.8.9.5

Question 50

What size lead letter is used to determine if backscatter is exposing a radiographic film?

Answer 50

1/2" tall by 1/16" thick ## Footnote API 577 9.8.9.5

Question 51

What does a light image of the letter 'B' on a dark background of a radiographic film indicate?

Answer 51

Insufficient protection from the backscatter radiation ## Footnote API 577 9.8.9.5

Question 52

A dark image of the letter 'B' on a light background of a radiographic is?

Answer 52

Not a case for rejection of a radiograph ## Footnote API 577 9.8.9.5

Question 53

What are the two main uses for straight beam UT technique?

Answer 53

Thickness measurements and check for laminations ## Footnote API 577 9.9.1

Question 54

What temperature must the calibration block be when calibrating the UT instrument?

Answer 54

Within 25 deg F of the same temperature as the part that will be examined ## Footnote API 577 9.9.3.1

Question 55

During UT examination of a weld, what is the maximum rate of movement for the transducer?

Answer 55

Less than 6" per second ## Footnote API 577 9.9.5

Question 56

What gain setting should be used when scanning a weld with an UT shear-wave examination?

Answer 56

At least 2 times the reference level sensitivity established during calibration of the instrument ## Footnote API 577 9.9.7.1

Question 57

Why is the hardness testing typically used after welding of PWHT?

Answer 57

Verify material is acceptably 'soft' ## Footnote API 577 9.10.1

Question 58

What is normally affested in a material during the welding process?

Answer 58

Mechanical and corrosion resistance properties ## Footnote API 577 10.1

Question 59

In what way is a weld similar to a casting?

Answer 59

Shape of grains ## Footnote API 577 10.2.1

Question 60

How is wrought material produced?

Answer 60

By mechanically working cast ignots into a shape (rolling, forging, or extrusion) ## Footnote API 577 10.2.3

Question 61

What are the three zones that welds are comprised of?

Answer 61

* Weld Metal * Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) * Base Metal ## Footnote API 577 10.2.4

Question 62

What does weld metal consist of?

Answer 62

Melted base metal and deposited filler metal ## Footnote API 577 10.2.4

Question 63

The HAZ makes up what part of the base metal in carbon steels?

Answer 63

Regions heated to temperatures above 1350 deg F ## Footnote API 577 par 10.2.5

Question 64

Why does thick carbon steel components require a prehaet when welding?

Answer 64

Because carbon steel is a poor conductor of heat ## Footnote API 577 10.3.3

Question 65

What is the coefficient of therma expansion?

Answer 65

Change in the length of materials when exposed to an increase or decrease in temperature ## Footnote API 577 10.3.5

Question 66

What type of failure is common when metals with different coefficients of thermal expansions are joned together by welding?

Answer 66

Thermal fatigue ## Footnote API 577 10.3.5

Question 67

What is the ultimate tensile strength of a material?

Answer 67

Amount of stress required to pull a tensile specimen to failure, divided by the cross-sectional area of the tensile specimen ## Footnote API 577 10.4.2

Question 68

What is the yield strength of a material?

Answer 68

Maximum stress level that a material can withstand without permanently deformed (*note: this is know as the elastic range of the material)* ## Footnote API 577 10.4.2

Question 69

A material's ductilty is determined by what mechanical test?

Answer 69

Tensile Test ## Footnote API 577 10.4.3

Question 70

Results from what mechanical test can the percent elongation of a material be determined?

Answer 70

Tensile Test ## Footnote API 577 10.4.3

Question 71

A ben test if a proof test of what properties of a material?

Answer 71

Ductility and soundness of a weld ## Footnote API 577 10.4.3

Question 72

What does high hardness indicate in alloy steels?

Answer 72

Untempered martensite in a weld ## Footnote API 10.4.4

Question 73

What does low hardness indicate in allow steels?

Answer 73

Mater was over-tempered ## Footnote API 577 10.4.4

Question 74

A material's toughness is deteremined by what mechanical test?

Answer 74

Charpy Impact Test ## Footnote API 577 10.4.5

Question 75

What is the definition of toughness?

Answer 75

Ability to absorb energy and deform plastically before failure ## Footnote API 577 10.4.5

Question 76

What is the primary purpose of preheating carbon steel and low-alloy steels?

Answer 76

Reduce tendency for hydrogen induced delayed cracking ## Footnote API 577 10.5

Question 77

How far should preheat be maintained on either side of a weld?

Answer 77

2" ## Footnote API 577 10.5

Question 78

What is the primary purpose of PWHT?

Answer 78

Relieve residual stresses ## Footnote API 577 10.6

Question 79

The 'hardness' of a material is dependent on the content of what chemical element?

Answer 79

Carbon ## Footnote API 577 10.7

Question 80

What is the hardenability of material dependent upon?

Answer 80

By the presence of alloying elements (like chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium) ## Footnote API 577 10.7

Question 81

The cooling-rate of the base metal HAZ controls the formation of what crystalline grain structure?

Answer 81

Martensite | *Note: Preheat is one way to slow the cooling-rate and minimize the form ## Footnote API 577 10.7

Question 82

The susceptibility of material to [blank] increases as a material's hardness increases?

Answer 82

Hydrogen induced cracking ## Footnote API 577 10.7

Question 83

Chemical composition of metals and alloys is the primary factor that effects?

Answer 83

Weldability ## Footnote API 577 10.9.2

Question 84

What chemical element makes welding more difficult?

Answer 84

Carbon ## Footnote API 577 10.9.2

Question 85

The weldability of carbon and alloy steels can be deteremined by calculating what?

Answer 85

Carbon equivalent ## Footnote API 577 10.9.2

Question 86

What are sulfur, phosphorus, tin, antimony, and arsenic are sometimes referred to as?

Answer 86

Tramp elements ## Footnote API 577 10.9.2

Question 87

What is simplest mechanical test that can be performed to deteremine the weldability of a material?

Answer 87

Bend test ## Footnote API 577 10.9.3

Question 88

Austenitic Stainless Steels are used for their?

Answer 88

Corrosion and resistance to high temperature degradation ## Footnote API 577 10.10.2

Question 89

What is the most common measure of materials weldability and susceptibility to hot cracking?

Answer 89

Ferrite Number ## Footnote API 577 10.10.2