Appendicular Muscles

Question 1

Rhomboideus minor

Answer 1

Retracts scapula and braces shoulder. Fixes scapula during arm movements

Question 2

Rhomboideus major

Answer 2

Retracts scapula and braces shoulder. Fixes scapula during arm movements

Question 3

Levator scapulae

Answer 3

Elevates scapula if cervical vertebrae are fixed. Flexes neck laterally if scapula is fixed

Question 4

Trapezius

Answer 4

Stabilizes scapula and shoulder during arm movements. Elevates and depresses shoulder. Rotates and retracts scapula

Question 5

Serratus anterior

Answer 5

Prime mover in forward reaching actions. Protracts and fixes scapula

Question 6

Pectoralis minor (O/I)

Answer 6

Origin is ribs 3-5. Insertion is coracoid process of scapula. It protracts scapula and depresses apex of shoulder

Question 7

Coracobrachialis (O/I)

Answer 7

Origin is coracoid process of scapula. Insertion is medial aspect of humeral shaft. Flexes arm and shoulder adduction

Question 8

Brachialis (O/I)

Answer 8

Origin is anterior surface of distal half of humerus. Insertion is Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna. Prime mover of elbow flexion

Question 9

Biceps brachii (O/I)

Answer 9

Origin is coracoid process of scapula (short head). Insertion is tuberosity of radius. Synergist of elbow flexion, rapid/forceful supination of forearm, and support glenohumeral joint.

Question 10

Triceps brachii (Insertion)

Answer 10

Insertion is olecranon. Extends elbow, extends and adducts humerus

Question 11

Supraspinatus (O/I)

Answer 11

Origin is supraspinous fossa of scapula. Insertion is greater tubercle of humerus. Aids deltoid in abduction of arm and supports humeral head when carrying weight

Question 12

Infraspinatus (O/I)

Answer 12

Origin is infraspinous fossa of scapula. Insertion is greater tubercle of humerus. Modulates deltoid, prevents humeral head from sliding upward, and rotates humerus laterally

Question 13

Teres minor (O/I)

Answer 13

Origin is lateral border of scapula. Insertion is greater tubercle of humerus. Modulates deltoid, prevents humeral head from sliding upward during abduction, and rotates humerus laterally

Question 14

Subscapularis (O/I)

Answer 14

Origin is subscapular fossa of scapula. Insertion is lesser tubercle of humerus. Modulates deltoid, prevents humeral head from sliding upward during abduction, and rotates humerus medially

Question 15

Deltoid (O/I)

Answer 15

Origin is acromion and spine of scapula. Insertion is deltoid tuberosity of humerus. Anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm, lateral fibers abduct arm, and posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate arm.

Question 16

Pectoralis major (Insertion)

Answer 16

Insertion is intertubercular sulcus of humerus. Flexes and adducts arm, medially rotates humerus

Question 17

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 17

Adducts arm, medially rotates humerus, and helps move arm posteriorly

Question 18

Teres major

Answer 18

Extends arm and medially rotates humerus

Question 19

Pronator teres

Answer 19

Assists pronator quadratus in pronation only in rapid/forceful action. Weakly flexes elbow

Question 20

Flexor carpi radialis

Answer 20

Flexes wrist anteriorly on radial side

Question 21

Palmaris longus

Answer 21

Anchors skin and fascia of palmar region

Question 22

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 22

Flexes wrist anteriorly on ulnar side

Question 23

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 23

Flexes wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and proximal interphalangeal joints

Question 24

Brachioradialis

Answer 24

Flexes elbow

Question 25

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Answer 25

Extends wrist and aids in radial flexion of wrist

Question 26

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Answer 26

Extends wrist

Question 27

Extensor digitorum

Answer 27

Extends wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints

Question 28

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Answer 28

Extends wrist and fixes wrist when fist is clenched or hand grips

Question 29

Supinator

Answer 29

Supinates forearm

Question 30

Anconeus

Answer 30

Helps extend elbow

Question 31

Gluteus minimus

Answer 31

Abduct thigh, medial and lateral rotation of hip, helps shift the weight of the trunk

Question 32

Gluteus medius

Answer 32

Abduct thigh, medially rotate thigh, helps shift weight of trunk

Question 33

Gluteus Maximus

Answer 33

Extends thigh at hip, abducts thigh, helps stabilize femur on tibia

Question 34

Piriformis

Answer 34

Rotation and abduction of femur

Question 35

Tensor fasciae latae

Answer 35

Extends knee and laterally rotates tibia

Question 36

Pectineus

Answer 36

Flexes and adducts thigh

Question 37

Adductor brevis

Answer 37

Adducts thigh

Question 38

Adductor longus

Answer 38

Adducts and medially rotates thigh. Flexes thigh at hip

Question 39

Adductor magnus

Answer 39

Adducts and medially rotates thigh. Extends thigh at hip

Question 40

Gracilis

Answer 40

Flexes knee and medially rotates tibia at knee

Question 41

Biceps femoris (O/I)

Answer 41

Origin is ischial tuberosity. Insertion is head of fibula. Flexes knee and extends hip

Question 42

Semimembranosus (O/I)

Answer 42

Origin is ischial tuberosity. Insertion is medial condyle of tibia. Flexes knee and extension of thigh

Question 43

Semitendinosus (O/I)

Answer 43

Origin is ischial tuberosity. Insertion is medial surface of upper tibia. Flexes knee and extension of thigh

Question 44

Tibialis anterior (O/I)

Answer 44

Origin is lateral condyle of proximal half of tibia. Insertion is median cuneiform and metatarsal I. Dorsiflexes foot, inverts foot, and resists backward tipping of body

Question 45

Extensor digitorum longus

Answer 45

Extends toes and dorsiflexes foot

Question 46

Extensor hallucis longus

Answer 46

Extends hallux and dorsiflexes foot

Question 47

Soleus (O/I)

Answer 47

Origin is posterior surface of head of fibula and proximal 1/4 of tibia. Insertion is calcaneus. Plantar flexes foot and steadies leg on ankle when standing

Question 48

Gastrocnemius (O/I)

Answer 48

Origin is condyles, popliteal surface, and lateral supracondylar line of femur. Insertion is calcaneus. Plantarflexes foot and flexes knee

Question 49

Iliopsoas

Answer 49

Flexion of thigh made up of psoas major and iliacus

Question 50

Psoas major

Answer 50

Flexion of thigh/hip, lateral rotation of thigh, lateral flexion of trunk

Question 51

Iliacus

Answer 51

Flexion of thigh/hip and lateral rotation of thigh

Question 52

Vastus intermedius (O/I)

Answer 52

Origin is anterior and lateral surfaces of femoral shaft. Insertion is patella, tibial tuberosity, and condyles of tibia. Extends knee

Question 53

Vastus lateralis (O/I)

Answer 53

Origin is femur at greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, and linea aspera. Insertion is patella, tibial tuberosity, and condyles of tibia. Extends knee and aids in fixing patella during knee movements

Question 54

Vastus medialis (O/I)

Answer 54

Origin is femur at spiral line. Insertion is patella, tibial tuberosity, and condyles of tibia. Extends knee and aids in fixing patella during knee movements

Question 55

Rectus femoris (O/I)

Answer 55

Origin is ilium and superior margin of acetabulum. Insertion is patella, tibial tuberosity, and condyles of tibia. Extends knee and flexes thigh at hip

Question 56

Sartorius (O/I)

Answer 56

Origin is anterior superior iliac spine. Insertion is medial surface of proximal end of tibia. Aids in knee flexion, hip flexion, abducts and laterally rotates thigh

Question 57

Fibularis (peroneus) longus

Answer 57

Everts and plantarflexes foot

Question 58

Fibularis (peroneus) brevis

Answer 58

Everts and plantarflexes foot

Question 59

Flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 59

Flexes wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints

Question 60

Flexor pollicis longus

Answer 60

Flexes phalanges of pollex

Question 61

Pronator quadratus

Answer 61

Prime mover of forearm pronation, resists separation of radius and ulna

Question 62

Abductor pollicis longus

Answer 62

Abducts pollex in frontal plane and extends pollex at carpometacarpal joint

Question 63

Extensor pollicis longus

Answer 63

Extends distal phalanx I and aids in extending proximal phalanx I and metacarpal I

Question 64

Extensor pollicis brevis

Answer 64

Extends metacarpal I and proximal phalanx of pollex