Histology & Genetics Flashcards
(90 cards)
Epithelial Tissue Function
Protection, secretion, excretion, absorption, filtration, and sensation
Lumen
The internal space of a hallow organ or space surrounded by secretory cells
Apical Surface
The uppermost surface of an epithelial cell, typically exposed to the lumen
Basal Surface
The lower surface of an epithelial cell exposed to the basement membrane
Basement Membrane
Thin layer of various binding structures between the deepest epithelial cells and the underlying connective tissue
Cilia
Slender, hair-like extensions used for the movement of substances such as mucus
Microvilli
Finger-like extensions that increase cellular surface area
Simple Squamous Epithelium
One-layer thick, flat cells bulging at nucleus
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
One-layer thick, cube-shaped around a central shape (lumen). May contain microvilli or cilia
Simple Columnar Epithelium
One-layer thick, long rectangular or cylindrical cells. Often have microvilli and may possess goblet cells
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Appears multi-layered but is only one-layer thick. Rectangular or cylindrical-shaped, often ciliated and contains goblet cells
Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Multi-layered, cells become increasingly flat towards surface. Surface contains layer of compact dead cells without nuclei. Basal cells may be cuboidal or columnar
Non-keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Multi-layered, cells become increasingly flat towards surface. Basal cells may be cuboidal or columnar
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Multi-layered, cube-shaped or round
Transitional Epithelium
Multi-layered, cells at apical surface are rounded. Some cells may be binucleated, may appear thinner when stretched
Connective Tissue Function
Binding of organs, support, physical protection, immune protection, movement, storage, heat production, and transport
Extracellular Matrix/Ground Substance
Gel-like substance found between cells and fiber
Goblet cells
Secrete mucus and may be found in respiratory tract and lining of stomach
Collagen Fibers
Made of collagen & a principal component of connective tissue. Structural protein in fiber form that provide strength and resists stretching
Elastic Fibers
Composed of protein elastin which stretches under tension and returns to its original length when released. Responsible for resilience of organs such as skin, lungs, & arteries
Reticular Fibers
Fine, branching collagen fibers. Form a sponge-like framework for spleen and lymph nodes
Types of Loose Connective Tissue
Areolar, adipose, and reticular
Areolar Tissue
Loose arrangement of collagenous and elastic fibers, numerous blood vessels
Adipose Tissue
Adipocytes (large, empty looking cells with thin margins) and nucleus pressed to plasma membrane while lipid occupies majority of cell. Blood vessels present
