appendicular skeleton part 2

Question 1

What is the pelvic girdle?

Answer 1

formed by the 2 coxal (hip) bones

Question 2

What is the bony pelvis?

Answer 2

2 coxal bones, sacrum, & coccyx

Question 3

What are characteristics of the pelvic girdle?

Answer 3

flexibility & mobility is sacrificed for strength & weight-bearing; pelvis is very stable due to bone structure & ligaments

Question 4

What are the coxal (hip) bones?

Answer 4

consists of 3 smaller bones fused together: ilium, ischium, & pubis

Question 5

What is the ilium?

Answer 5

forms the largest part of the coxal bone; connected to sacrum at the SI joint

Question 6

What is the iliac crest?

Answer 6

superior margin of the ilium

Question 7

What are the sites for muscle attachment on the ilium?

Answer 7

anterior superior iliac spine, anterior inferior iliac spine, posterior superior iliac spine, & posterior inferior iliac spine

Question 8

What is the iliac fossa?

Answer 8

medial side; supports abdominal organs

Question 9

What is the greater sciatic notch?

Answer 9

allows passage of the large sciatic nerve to and from the thigh

Question 10

What is the ischium?

Answer 10

the “sit-down” bone

Question 11

What is the ischial spine?

Answer 11

posterior medial ridge

Question 12

What is the ischial tuberosity?

Answer 12

receives the weight when we sit

Question 13

What is the pubis?

Answer 13

most anterior part of the coxal bone

Question 14

What is the pubic symphysis?

Answer 14

where the 2 pubic bones join

Question 15

What is the obturator foramen?

Answer 15

formed by the pubis and ischium; allows blood vessels & nerves to pass through to the thigh

Question 16

What is the acetabulum?

Answer 16

formed by all 3 bones where they unite; deep socket that receives the head of the femur

Question 17

What is the perineum?

Answer 17

inferior border of pelvis

Question 18

What are the perineal muscles?

Answer 18

form the floor of the pelvis which is supporting the organs

Question 19

What are characteristics of the female pelvis that differ from the male pelvis?

Answer 19

wider, smoother, lighter, & less prominent markings; less curvature of sacrum & coccyx

Question 20

What is the femur (thigh)?

Answer 20

heaviest & strongest bone in the body

Question 21

What is the head of femur?

Answer 21

articulates with acetabulum to form ball-and-socket joint of the hip

Question 22

What are the greater & lesser trochanters, intertrochanteric crest, & gluteal tuberosity?

Answer 22

on the femur; sites for muscle attachment

Question 23

What are the lateral & medial condyles of the femur?

Answer 23

at the distal end of femur; articulate with the tibia

Question 24

What is the patellar surface?

Answer 24

anterior surface that articulates with the tibia

Question 25

What is the intercondylar fossa?

Answer 25

deep groove between the condyles on posterior side

Question 26

What are the medial & lateral epicondyles?

Answer 26

sites for knee ligament attachments

Question 27

What are the bones of the lower leg?

Answer 27

tibia & fibula

Question 28

What is the tibia?

Answer 28

shin bone

Question 29

What is the interosseous membrane?

Answer 29

joins the tibia & fibula along their lengths

Question 30

What are the medial & lateral condyles of the tibia?

Answer 30

articulate with femur to form knee joint

Question 31

What is the tibial tuberosity?

Answer 31

on anterior tibial surface; site for patellar tendon/ligament attachment

Question 32

What is the medial malleolus?

Answer 32

on the tibia; forms medial bulge of the ankle; articulates with the talus of the ankle

Question 33

What is the anterior crest?

Answer 33

sharp ridge along anterior length of tibia

Question 34

What are characteristics of the fibula?

Answer 34

not part of the knee joint; it is a non weight-bearing bone

Question 35

What is the head of the fibula?

Answer 35

proximal end; articulates with lateral condyle of tibia

Question 36

What is the lateral malleolus?

Answer 36

on the fibula; forms lateral bulge of the ankle

Question 37

What is the ankle?

Answer 37

7 tarsal bones

Question 38

What tarsal bones is body weight concentrated on?

Answer 38

talus & calcaneous

Question 39

What does the talus articulate with?

Answer 39

distal end of tibia

Question 40

What is the calcaneous?

Answer 40

the heel of the foot

Question 41

What are the 7 tarsal bones?

Answer 41

navicular, cuboid, talus, calcaneous, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, & lateral cuneiform

Question 42

What is the sole of the foot?

Answer 42

the 5 metatarsal bones

Question 43

What are the toes?

Answer 43

the 14 phalanges: distal, middle, proximal