appetite regulation

Question 1

carbon dioxide production/oxygen usage

Answer 1

respiratory quotient (tissues)

Question 2

carbon dioxide output/oxygen uptake

Answer 2

respiratory exchange ratio (lungs)

Question 3

90% protein nitrogen eliminated via

Answer 3

urine

Question 4

what control hunger/appetite and satiety

Answer 4

hypothalamus

Question 5

lateral nuclei serve as

Answer 5

feeding center (lesion cause inanition)

Question 6

ventromedial nuclei serve as

Answer 6

satiety center and inhibits the feeding center (lesions cause hyperphagia)

Question 7

fats and carbs cause ___ release and inhibit eating

Answer 7

CCK and insulin

Question 8

intestinal release of _____ inhibit feeding

Answer 8

peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon like peptide (GLP)

Question 9

___ stimulates eating

Answer 9

ghrelin

Question 10

released from oxyntic cells of stomach

Answer 10

ghrelin

Question 11

decreased body temperature ___ hunger

Answer 11

increases

Question 12

increased energy sotres inhibit food intake. leptin, released from fat cells, ___ appetite

Answer 12

reduces

Question 13

most obese people are not leptin deficient but instead ____

Answer 13

leptin resistant

Question 14

anorexogenic

Answer 14

decrease feeding

Question 15

orexogenic

Answer 15

increase feeding

Question 16

neuropeptide Y (NPY)
agouti related peptide (AGRP)
enodrphins, endocannabinoids
cortisol
ghrelin

Answer 16

increased feeding (orexogenic)

Question 17

alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone 
insulin and GLP
leptin
CCK
norepinephrine

Answer 17

decreased feeing (anorexogenic)

Question 18

restriction food intake causes an increase in ___ and decrease in ____

Answer 18

increase: hunger hormone ghrelin
decrease: satiety hormones leptin, PYY, CCK, insulin

Question 19

decreases in absorption of fat soluble vitamins, soft stools and anal leakage

Answer 19

orlistat

Question 20

increases serotonin in brain and is associated with pulmonary hypertension and valvulopathy

Answer 20

fenfluramine

Question 21

blocks voltage dependent Na channels, augments of activity at some subtypes of GABA A receptors

Answer 21

topiramate

Question 22

opioid recepter antagonist (antidepressant)

Answer 22

naltrexone

Question 23

inhibits synaptic dopamine, NO

Answer 23

bupropion

Question 24

opposite of obesity (extreme weight loss)

Answer 24

inanition

Question 25

decreased appetite (CNS mechanisms)

Answer 25

anorexia

Question 26

severe metabolic disorder of increased energy use and wasting - cancer, aids, cytokines IL 6

Answer 26

cachexia

Question 27

scaliness of skin, failure of growth in young animals, failure of reproduction, keratinization of the cornea

Answer 27

vit a def.

Question 28

causes lesions of the CNS and PNS (polyneuritis)

Answer 28

``` thiamine def (B1) - beriberi ```

Question 29

weakness and poor smooth muscle/gland function; severe cases cause the disease pellagra

Answer 29

niacin def.

Question 30

replicating cell types; red blood cells (pernicious anemia)

Answer 30

B12 def.

Question 31

anemia

Answer 31

folic acid def.

Question 32

scurvy, breakdown of connective tissue and poor wound healing

Answer 32

vit c def.

Question 33

rickets

Answer 33

vit d def.

Question 34

deficiency induced pathology

Answer 34

vit e def.