gastro test bank

Question 1

most of the gastrin released following a meal is from what

Answer 1

antrum

Question 2

an increase in intestinal blood flow is caused by a decrease in what

Answer 2

oxygen levels

Question 3

slow wave frequency is greatest in

Answer 3

duodenum

Question 4

gastrin, CCK, secretin, motilin, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide are secreted from endocrine cells located where

Answer 4

duodenum

Question 5

oral glucose load is cleared form the circulation more rapidly compared with an intravenous glucose load via what hormone

Answer 5

glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide (GLIP)

Question 6

main excitatory NT to gut smooth muscle is what

Answer 6

Ach

Question 7

biopsies are taken from the antral and duodenal mucosa of a 45 yo male. what hormone can be found in tissue homogenates from both locations

Answer 7

gastrin

Question 8

if one cuts through a segment of small intestine from the outside into the lumen, in what order would the layers of the wall be cut

Answer 8

1. serosa
2. longitudinal smooth muscle
3. myenteric plexus
4. submucosa
   5 mucosa

Question 9

28 yo eats a cheeseburger, fries, chocolate shake. release of many GI hormones. the present of fat, carbs, and protein stimulates the release of which hormone from duodenal mucosa

Answer 9

glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GLIP)

Question 10

ANS control gut motility by changing what

Answer 10

spike potential frequency

Question 11

87 yo has full big breakfast. what hormones is released by the presence of fat and protein in the small intestine and helps to decrease gastric emptying

Answer 11

CCK

Question 12

increase in PSN stimulation causes a decrease in smooth muscle contraction of which structure

Answer 12

fundus

Question 13

endocrine or hormone secreting cells of the GI tract are located in or closest to which later of the gut wall

Answer 13

mucosa

Question 14

20 grams oral and intravenous glucose given. why does oral glucose clear from the blood at a faster rate than the intravenous glucose load

Answer 14

glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide - induced by insulin release

Question 15

high concentrations, gastrin shares multiple effects with which GI peptide

Answer 15

CCK

Question 16

slow wave frequency is highest at which location

Answer 16

duodenum

Question 17

what regulates the frequency of slow waves in the small intestine

Answer 17

intrinsic pacemaker cells in smooth muscle

Question 18

stimulatory effects of gastrin on acid secretion are mediated in part by gastrin-induced secretion of

Answer 18

histamine

Question 19

what would eliminate receptive relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and funds portion of the stomach

Answer 19

vagotomy

Question 20

which elements of defecation process require input from higher centers of the brain in a healthy person under normal conditions

Answer 20

relaxation of external anal sphincter

Question 21

mass movements distention of the stomach and distention of the duodenum lead to what

Answer 21

bowel movements

Question 22

achalasia is associated with which of the following at rest and during swallowing

Answer 22

higher than normal pressure at the lower esophageal sphincter

Question 23

distention of the rectum causes a reflex relaxation of which structure

Answer 23

internal anal sphincter

Question 24

ileocecal sphincter tone decreases (relaxes) after distention of which structure

Answer 24

ileum

Question 25

mass movements are often stimulated after a meal by which reflex

Answer 25

gastrocolic reflex

Question 26

main mixing movement of the stomach is what

Answer 26

retropulsion

Question 27

after eating breakfast, what delays gastric emptying in the man after eating

Answer 27

tone of orad stomach

Question 28

swallowing center in the medulla has a critical role in totally inhibiting which of the following when food is swallowed

Answer 28

respiration (breathing)

Question 29

primary purpose of migrating motility complexes is

Answer 29

sweep undigested residue toward the colon

Question 30

migrating motility complexes are thought to be stimulated by what

Answer 30

motilin

Question 31

critical for determining whether a bolus of food is small enough to be swallowed

Answer 31

palatopharyngeal folds

Question 32

rectal distention causes what

Answer 32

relaxation of internal anal sphincter and contraction of rectum

Question 33

newborn cannot pass meconium in first 24 hours. diagnosis of hirschsprungs disease. where is the obstruction in his GI

Answer 33

sigmoid colon

Question 34

mass movements in the large intestine cause what

Answer 34

rectal distention