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NeuroEndo > chapter 20.2b gastro > Flashcards

chapter 20.2b gastro Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

what is the order of the GI tract

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, anus

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2
Q

muscular tube from pharynx to stomach

A

esophagus

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3
Q

upper 1/3rd esophagus vs lower 1/3rd

A

upper - skeletal m

lower - smooth m

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4
Q

empty volume stomach vs full volume

A

empty - 50 mL

full - 1000 mL

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5
Q

thickest muscle layer and produces the strong contractions responsible for gastric mixing and emptying

A

antrum

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6
Q

secreted by chief cells; precursor of pepsin

A

pepsinogen

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7
Q

enzyme that digests proteins

A

pepsin

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8
Q

secreted by parietal cells; maintain acidic environment of stomach

A

hydrogen ions

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9
Q

secreted by parietal cells; necessary for absorption of B12

A

intrinsic factor

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10
Q

secreted from G cells (hormone)

A

gastrin

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11
Q

secreted from neck cells

A

mucus

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12
Q

pH of the stomach

A

2

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13
Q

primary site of digestion and absorption

A

small intestine

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14
Q

three divisions of the small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

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15
Q

pancreatic juices enter the

A

duodenum (bicarbonate to neutralize acidic chyme)

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16
Q

epithelial cells in crypts secrete bicarbonate rich fluid - crypts called

A

crypts of lieberkuhn

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17
Q

absorbed nutrients travel in the blood to the ____ before entering the general circulation

A

liver

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18
Q

liver function

A

detoxify substances and processes certain nutrients

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19
Q

large intestine consists of

A

cecum, colon, and rectum

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20
Q

concentrates wastes into feces, absorbs most water

A

colon

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21
Q

four sections of the colon

A

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

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22
Q

secretes saliva

A

salivary gland

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23
Q

secretes pancreatic juice

A

pancreas

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24
Q

secretes bile

A

liver

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25
what enzymes are present in saliva
salivary amylase and lysozyme
26
___ portion of pancreas produces pancreatic juice
exocrine
27
secretes more protein than any other tissue in the body
pancreas
28
enzymes present in pancreas
pancreatic amylase and lipase, proteases, nucleases
29
(liver) glucose ->
glycogen
30
(liver) amino acids ->
fatty acids
31
what stores bile
gallbladder
32
regulates flow from pancreas and gallbladder to duodenum
sphincter of oddi
33
___ secrete bile into bile canaliculi, on the side opposite of the sinuosoids
hepatocytes
34
lining of lumen of GI tract
mucosa
35
connective tissue of GI tract
submucosa
36
smooth muscle of GI tract
muscularis externa
37
deep connective tissue of GI tract
serosa
38
submucosal plexus
Meissner's plexus (part of ENS)
39
myenteric plexus
Auerbach's plexus (2nd part of ENS)
40
ENS - myenteric (auerbach plexus) - submucosal (meissner plexus)
intrinsic control
41
ANS - para (stimulate Ach) - sym (inhibit Ach)
extrinsic control
42
plexus is to control GI motility - stimulatory influences: increase tone and propulsion - inhibitory influences: decreased sphincter tone
myenteric (auerbach) plexus
43
plexus is to local control of GI - secretion - absorption - contraction of muscularis mucosa
submucosal (messiner) plexus
44
parasympathetics ___ ENS
excite
45
parasympathetics pre gang vs post gang length
pre gang - long | post gang - short (all ENS)
46
sympathetics pre gang vs post gang length
pre gang - long (T5-L2 via prevertebral ganglia) | post gang - long terminate in ENS
47
inhibitory influences on sympathetics
decreasing activity of ENS, direct effect to inhibit SM
48
pre gang efferent neurons
Ach
49
post gang efferent neurons
PNS - Ach | SNS - NO
50
ENS excitatory vs inhibitory NT
excite - Ach, substance P, serotonin | inhibit - VIP, NO
51
____ reflex controls gastric motor and secretory activity
vagovagal reflex
52
____ reflex overall inhibitory of GI tract
pain reflex
53
only ____ of carbs are absorbed
monosaccharides
54
what enzymes break down starch
salivary and pancreatic amylase
55
limit dextrins -> glucose
dextrinase
56
polysaccharides -> glucose
glucosamylase
57
sucrose -> fructose + glucose
sucrase
58
lactose -> galactose + glucose
lactase
59
maltose -> 2 glucose
maltase
60
absorption of glucose and galactose
1. 2nd active transport across apical membrane | 2. facilitated diffusion across basolateral membrane
61
absorption of fructose
facilitated diffusion across both membranes
62
typical diet carbs, protein, and fats amount
carbs- 500 protein - 125 fats - 50
63
protein digestion products
amino acids, dipeptides, tripeptides
64
split polypeptides at interior peptide bonds into small peptide fragments
endopeptidases
65
cleave amino acids from one end of polypeptide
exopeptidases
66
inactive storage form of proteases
zymogens
67
protein digestion begins in the
stomach (pepsin)
68
___ cleaves pepsinogen to pepsin
HCl
69
what secretes HCl
parietal cells
70
pancreatic proteases in small intestine
trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase
71
absorption of amino acids
cross apical membrane by Na linked 2ndary active transport or facilitated diffusion
72
absorption of dipeptides and tripeptides
cross the apical membrane by ACTIVE transport
73
lipid enzyme
lipase (secreted by pancreas)
74
emulsify fat
bile salts
75
what makes up triglycerides
monoglyceride + 3 fatty acids
76
lipids enter ____ to be packaged into chylomicrons
Golgi appartatus
77
secreted by exocytosis into interstitial fluid and enter lymphatic system via lacteal
chylomicrons
78
what vitamin is only bound to intrinsic factor
B12
79
Na is actively absorbed where
jejunum, ileum, and colon
80
passively follows Na absorption
chloride
81
secreted when lumenal concentrations are very low
K
82
actively absorbed in duodenum and jejunum
Ca
83
____ increases Ca absorption by increasing the concentration of Ca binding protein
1,25 (OH)2 D3
84
transferrin is secreted by enterocytes into the lumen of the small intestine
iron
85
water in GI secretions L vs intake L
secretions - 7L/day | intake - 2 L/day

NeuroEndo (6 decks)

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