APPK 1.5 - Nervous System Flashcards
(36 cards)
The Nervous system is the _____________ of the body.
Main regulatory system
Define: neur/neuro
nerve/nervous system
Define: algia
pain/painful condition
Define: dys
painful/difficult/bad
Define: glyco/glycol
sugar
What are the 3 main components of a neuron (nerve cell)?
Cell body (contains nucleus),
Dendrites (“receives” inputs),
Axon (conducts nerve impulses towards other neurons/muscles/glands; “sends” outputs to effectors)
Define: a nerve
A bundle of neurons
T/F: There are 30 pairs of spinal nerves.
False; there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves
T/F: There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, and are numbered with roman numerals.
True; “cranial nerve 10” doesn’t exist but “cranial nerve X” does :)
What is the difference between Afferent & Efferent neuronal pathways (nerve impulses)?
Afferent = impulses going TO spinal cord or brain Efferent = impulses directed AWAY from brain or spinal cord
What is Cranial Nerve VII? What is Cranial Nerve X?
CNVII = Facial nerve, CNX = Vagus nerve
What does BBB & CSF stand for?
BBB = Blood Brain Barrier CSF = Cerebrospinal Fluid
T/F: there are 3 layers of the Meninges that encircle the brain & spinal cord
True
What main components make up the Central Nervous system (CNS)?
Brain (brain stem, diencephalon, cerebellum, cerebrum) & Spinal cord
T/F: The cerebellum is the largest part of the brain.
False; the cerebrum is the largest part of the brain.
Subdivisions of the Autonomic nervous system:
________________ = fight or flight
&
________________ = rest & digest
Sympathetic
&
Parasympathetic
What does PNS stand for?
Peripheral Nervous system
Subdivisions of the Peripheral nervous system (PNS):
________________ = voluntary
&
________________ = involuntary
Somatic (related to/affecting the body)
&
Autonomic
What does the Somatic division of the PNS control?
- Innervates skeletal muscle
- Main sense receptors
- Reception for touch, pressure, vibration, itch, tickle, temperature & pain (nociceptors)
- Proprioception (awareness of the body’s position & movements)
- Special senses (smell, taste, sight, hearing & equilibrium)
What function of the Somatic division (PNS) are these related to?
Muscle spindle, tendon organs & joint kinesthetic receptors
Proprioception
Muscle spindle = measures muscle length
Tendon organs = measures muscle tension
Joint kinesthetic receptors = joint position & movement
Generally speaking, what does the Autonomic division (PNS) control?
- Innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscles & glands
- Subconscious responses regulated by the hypothalamus (mastermind!) & brain stem
What happens in the body when the sympathetic nervous system is activated?
- vision sharpens
- heart rate increases
- increase in breathing rate
- digestion is inhibited
- increased glucose levels
- excretion process is stopped (bowels & bladder)
- adrenaline is released
- dilation of blood vessel in large skeletal muscles (more blood pumped into powerful muscles)
What happens in the body when the parasympathetic nervous system is activated?
- vision returns to normal
- heart rate returns to normal & is maintained
- breathing rate returns to normal & is maintained
- normal digestion returns
- voiding of bowels & bladder resumes
- maintains normal homeostatic levels of metabolism (blood sugar returns to normal)
What are the overall functions of the Nervous system as a whole?
Sensory function; detects different stimuli as they interact with the body (internal & external)
Integrative function; integrating sensory information, analyzing it & making decisions for an appropriate response
- Motor function; muscular contractions & glandular secretions (motor neurons are Efferent!)
