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VSOHA APPK Unit 1 > APPK 1.5 - Nervous System > Flashcards

APPK 1.5 - Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The Nervous system is the _____________ of the body.

A

Main regulatory system

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2
Q

Define: neur/neuro

A

nerve/nervous system

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3
Q

Define: algia

A

pain/painful condition

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4
Q

Define: dys

A

painful/difficult/bad

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5
Q

Define: glyco/glycol

A

sugar

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6
Q

What are the 3 main components of a neuron (nerve cell)?

A

Cell body (contains nucleus),
Dendrites (“receives” inputs),
Axon (conducts nerve impulses towards other neurons/muscles/glands; “sends” outputs to effectors)

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7
Q

Define: a nerve

A

A bundle of neurons

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8
Q

T/F: There are 30 pairs of spinal nerves.

A

False; there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves

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9
Q

T/F: There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, and are numbered with roman numerals.

A

True; “cranial nerve 10” doesn’t exist but “cranial nerve X” does :)

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10
Q

What is the difference between Afferent & Efferent neuronal pathways (nerve impulses)?

A 
Afferent = impulses going TO spinal cord or brain
Efferent = impulses directed AWAY from brain or spinal cord
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11
Q

What is Cranial Nerve VII? What is Cranial Nerve X?

A 
CNVII = Facial nerve,
CNX = Vagus nerve
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12
Q

What does BBB & CSF stand for?

A 
BBB = Blood Brain Barrier
CSF = Cerebrospinal Fluid
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13
Q

T/F: there are 3 layers of the Meninges that encircle the brain & spinal cord

A

True

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14
Q

What main components make up the Central Nervous system (CNS)?

A

Brain (brain stem, diencephalon, cerebellum, cerebrum) & Spinal cord

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15
Q

T/F: The cerebellum is the largest part of the brain.

A

False; the cerebrum is the largest part of the brain.

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16
Q

Subdivisions of the Autonomic nervous system:
________________ = fight or flight
&
________________ = rest & digest

A

Sympathetic
&
Parasympathetic

17
Q

What does PNS stand for?

A

Peripheral Nervous system

18
Q

Subdivisions of the Peripheral nervous system (PNS):
________________ = voluntary
&
________________ = involuntary

A

Somatic (related to/affecting the body)
&
Autonomic

19
Q

What does the Somatic division of the PNS control?

A
  • Innervates skeletal muscle
  • Main sense receptors
  • Reception for touch, pressure, vibration, itch, tickle, temperature & pain (nociceptors)
  • Proprioception (awareness of the body’s position & movements)
  • Special senses (smell, taste, sight, hearing & equilibrium)
20
Q

What function of the Somatic division (PNS) are these related to?
Muscle spindle, tendon organs & joint kinesthetic receptors

A

Proprioception
Muscle spindle = measures muscle length
Tendon organs = measures muscle tension
Joint kinesthetic receptors = joint position & movement

21
Q

Generally speaking, what does the Autonomic division (PNS) control?

A
  • Innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscles & glands

- Subconscious responses regulated by the hypothalamus (mastermind!) & brain stem

22
Q

What happens in the body when the sympathetic nervous system is activated?

A
  • vision sharpens
  • heart rate increases
  • increase in breathing rate
  • digestion is inhibited
  • increased glucose levels
  • excretion process is stopped (bowels & bladder)
  • adrenaline is released
  • dilation of blood vessel in large skeletal muscles (more blood pumped into powerful muscles)
23
Q

What happens in the body when the parasympathetic nervous system is activated?

A
  • vision returns to normal
  • heart rate returns to normal & is maintained
  • breathing rate returns to normal & is maintained
  • normal digestion returns
  • voiding of bowels & bladder resumes
  • maintains normal homeostatic levels of metabolism (blood sugar returns to normal)
24
Q

What are the overall functions of the Nervous system as a whole?

A

Sensory function; detects different stimuli as they interact with the body (internal & external)
Integrative function; integrating sensory information, analyzing it & making decisions for an appropriate response
- Motor function; muscular contractions & glandular secretions (motor neurons are Efferent!)

25
Q

______________ is the concept that pain signals move to the CNS slower than touch sensations & that the faster touch impulses can block pain impulses which then decreases the sensation of pain experienced.

A

Gate Control Theory

26
Q

What is difference between Pain Threshold & Pain Tolerance?

A

Pain threshold = amount of stimulus needed to register as pain
Pain tolerance = amount of pain an individual can withstand

27
Q

Define: analgesia

A

decreased sensation of pain

28
Q

Define: paresthesia

A

pins-and-needles sensation

29
Q

Define: referred pain

A

pain occurring in a separate region than the affected area

30
Q

What is the main benefit of massage for the nervous system?

A

Quieting the sympathetic nervous system through touch and inviting the parasympathetic nervous system to activate (stress relief).

31
Q

Multiple Sclerosis (MS): indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?

A

Indicated; caution to watch pressure & pace of massage, be ready to adjust.

32
Q

Meningitis: indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?

A

Contraindicated

33
Q

Bell Palsy: indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?

A

Indicated

34
Q

Stroke: indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?

A

Indicated; cautioned and potentially contraindicated if other cardiovascular issues are present

35
Q

Herpes Zoster: indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?

A

Contraindicated

36
Q

Fibromyalgia: indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?

A

Indicated; caution to remain light & gentle in treatment, nothing too taxing for client.

VSOHA APPK Unit 1 (12 decks)

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