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FUNDAMENTALS OF MATERIAL SCIENCE > Application And Processing Of Metal Alloys > Flashcards

Application And Processing Of Metal Alloys Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

2 groups of metal alloys

A

Ferrous and nonferrous

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2
Q

Principal constituents of ferrous alloy

A

Iron

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3
Q

produced in larger quantities than any other metal type

A

Ferrous alloys

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4
Q

Factors for the use of ferrous alloys

A

Abundant quantities
Economical extraction
Extremely versatile

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5
Q

principal disadvantage of many ferrous alloys

A

susceptibility to corrosion

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6
Q

iron–carbon alloys that may contain appreciable concentrations of other alloying elements

A

Steel

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7
Q

contain only residual concentrations of impurities other than carbon and a little manganese

A

Plain carbon steels

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8
Q

Of all the different steels, those produced in the greatest quantities

A

Low-carbon steel

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9
Q

Microstructures consist of ferrite constituents

A

Low-Carbon Steel

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10
Q

relatively soft and weak but have out standing ductility and toughness

A

Low-Carbon Steel

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11
Q

contain other alloying elements such as copper, vanadium, nickel

A

High-strength, low-alloy Steel

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12
Q

may be strengthened by heat treatment, they are ductile, formable, and machinable

A

High-strength low-alloy steel

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13
Q

more resistant to corrosion than the plain carbon steels

A

High-strength, low-alloy steel

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14
Q

contain less than about 0.25 wt% C and are unresponsive to heat treatments intended to form marten site

A

Low-Carbon steel

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15
Q

have carbon concentrations between about 0.25 and 0.60 wt%

A

Medium-Carbon steel

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16
Q

These alloys may be heat-treated by austenitizing, quenching, and then tempering to improve their mechanical properties.

A

Medium-Carbon steels

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17
Q

often utilized in the tempered condition, having microstructures of tempered marten site

A

Medium-Carbon Steels

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18
Q

have low harden abilities and can be successfully heat-treated only in very thin sections and with very rapid quenching rates

A

Medium-Carbon Steels

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19
Q

responsible for the classification and specification of steels as well as other alloys

A

SAE, AISI, ASTM

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20
Q

having carbon contents between 0.60 and 1.4 wt%

A

High-carbon steel

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21
Q

hardest, strongest, and yet least ductile of the carbon steels

A

High-carbon steel

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22
Q

almost always used in a hardened and tempered condition and, as such, are especially wear resistant and capable of holding a sharp cutting edge

A

High-carbon steel

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23
Q

usually containing chromium, vanadium, tungsten, and molybdenum

A

High-carbon steel

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24
Q

highly resistant to corrosion (rusting) in a variety of environments, especially the ambient atmosphere

A

Stainless steel

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25
predominant alloying element is chromium (11%wt)
Stainless steel
26
Classes of stainless steel
Martensitic, ferritic, or austenitic
27
capable of being heat-treated in such a way that martensite is the prime microconstituent.
Martensitic stainless steel
28
composed of the a-ferrite (BCC) phase
Ferritic stainless steel
29
Austenitic and ferritic stainless steels are hardened and strengthened by_________
Cold work
30
most corrosion resistant because of the high chromium contents and also the nickel additions
Autenitic stainless steel
31
martensitic and ferritic stainless steels are
Magnetic
32
class of ferrous alloys with carbon contents above 2.14 wt%
Cast iron
33
is a meta stable compound, and under some circumstances it can be made to dissociate or decompose to form α-ferrite and graphite
Cementite
34
carbon exists as graphite, and both microstructure and mechanical behavior depend on composition and heat treatment
Cast iron
35
carbon and silicon contents of gray cast irons vary between 2.5 and 4.0 wt% and 1.0 and 3.0 wt%, respectively
Gray iron
36
graphite exists in the form of flakes
Gray iron
37
weak and brittle in tension but strength and ductility are much higher under compressive loads
Gray iron
38
Adding a small amount of magnesium and/or cerium to the gray iron before casting, Graphite forms as nodules or sphere
Nodule iron
39
most of the carbon exists as cementite
White iron
40
extremely hard but also very brittle
White iron
41
has a wormlike (or vermicular) shape
Compacted graphite iron
42
Alloys that are so brittle that forming or shaping by appreciable deformation is not possible typically are cast
Cast alloys
43
amenable to mechanical deformation
Wrought alloy
44
have been utilized in quite a variety of applications since antiquity
Copper and copper based alloy
45
soft and ductile that it is difficult to machine
Unalloy copper
46
highly resistant to corrosion in diverse environments including the ambient atmosphere, seawater, and some industrial chemicals
Copper
47
most common heat-treatable copper alloys
Beryllium copper
48
characterized by a relatively low density (2.7 g/cm3 as compared to 7.9 g/cm3 for steel), high electrical and thermal conductivities, and a resistance to corrosion in some common environments, including the ambient atmosphere
Aluminum
49
Its chief limitation is low melting temperature
Aluminum
50
its alloys are used where light weight
Magnesium
51
has an HCP crystal structure, is relatively soft, and has a low elastic modulus: 45 GPa (6.5X106 psi) and at room temperature it is difficult to deform
Magnesium
52
possess an extraordinary combination of properties and its alloys are highly ductile and easily forged and machined.
Titanium
53
Metals that have extremely high melting temperatures
Refractory metal
54
Interatomic bonding in these metals is extremely strong, which accounts for the melting temperatures, large elastic modulus and high strengths and hardnesses at ambient as well as elevated temperatures
Refactory metal
55
withstand exposure to severely oxidizing environments and high temperatures for reasonable time periods
Super alloy
56
Soft , Ductile , Oxidation Resistant
Noble metal
57
highly resistant to corrosion in many environments, especially those that are basic (alkaline)
Nickel
58
mechanically soft and weak, have low melting temperatures, are quite resistant to many corrosion environments, and have recrystallization temperatures below room temperature.
Lead and tin
59
Fabrication Techniques
Casting, powder metallurgy, welding and machining
60
Plastic deformation
Forging, rolling, extrusion and drawing
61
When deformation is achieved at a temperature above that at which recrystallization occurs
Hot working
62
mechanically working or deforming a single piece of a normally hot metal
Forging
63
accomplished by the application of successive blows or by continuous squeezing
Forging
64
classified as either closed or open die
Forging
65
force is brought to bear on two or more die halves having the finished shape
Close die
66
used in the production of sheet, strip, and foil with a high quality surface finish
Cold rolling
67
fabricated using grooved rolls that have rather complicated cross-sectional geometries
Rails
68
bar of metal is forced through a die orifice by a compressive force that is applied to a ram
Extrusion
69
pulling of a metal piece through a die having a tapered bore by means of a tensile force that is applied on the exit side
Drawing
70
fabrication process whereby a totally molten metal is poured into a mold cavity having the desired shape
Casting
71
two-piece mold is formed by packing sand around a pattern that has the shape of the intended casting
Sand Casting
72
usually incorporated into the mold to expedite the flow of molten metal into the cavity and to minimize internal casting defects
Gating system
73
liquid metal is forced into a mold under pressure and at a relatively high velocity and allowed to solidify with the pressure maintained
Die Casting
74
two piece permanent steel mold or die is employed
Die casting
75
pattern is made from a wax or plastic that has a low melting temperature.
Investment casting
76
What is usually used in investment casting
Plaster in paris
77
Variation of investment casting
Lost foam
78
the expendable pattern is a foam that can be formed by compressing polystyrene beads into the desired shape and then bonding them together by heating
Lost-foam casting
79
simpler, quicker, and less expensive process and there are fewer environmental wastes
Lost foam casting
80
What are the metal alloys that most commonly use in loastgfoam casting technique
cast irons and aluminum alloys
81
refined and molten metal is cast directly into a continuous strand that may have either a rectangular or circular cross section
Continous casting
82
involves the compaction of powdered metal followed by a heat treatment to produce a denser piece
Powder metallurgy
83
This method is especially suitable for metals having low ductilities
Powder metallurgy
84
two or more metal parts are joined to form a single piece when one-part fabrication is expensive or inconvenient
Welding
85
refers to a heat treatment in which a material is exposed to an elevated temperature for an extended time period and then slowly cooled
Annealing
86
heat treatment that is used to negate the effects of cold work
Process annealing
87
commonly used during fabrication procedures that require extensive plastic deformation, to allow a continuation of deformation without fracture or excessive energy consumption
Process annealing
88
Remove the residual stresses produced by distortion and warpage
Stress relieve
89
heat treatment in which the piece is heated to the recommended temperature, held there long enough to attain a uniform temperature, and finally cooled to room temperature in air
Stress relief annealing
90
horizontal line at the eutectoid temperature
Lower critical temperature
91
annealing heat treatment used to refine the grains
normalizing
92
alloy have completely transform to austenite
Austenitizing
93
heat treatment often used in low- and medium-carbon steels that will be machined or will experience extensive plastic deformation during a forming operation
full annealing
94
heat treatment normally carried out at a temperature just below the eutectoid
Spheroiding
95
describe the ability of an alloy to be hardened by the formation of martensite as a result of a given heat treatment
Hardenability
96
qualitative measure of the rate at which hardness drops off with distance into the interior of a specimen as a result of diminished martensite content
Hardenability
97
standard procedure widely used to determine hardenability
Jominy end-quench test
98
induced by appropriate heat treatments
Precipitate hardness
99
Heat treatment used in precipitate hardening
Solution heat treatment Precipitate heat treatment
100
solute atoms are dissolved to form a single phase solid solution
Solution heat treatment
101
heat treatment used to precipitate a new phase from a supersaturated solid solution
Precipitation heat hardening
102
commonly employed with high-strength aluminum alloys
Precipitation hardening

FUNDAMENTALS OF MATERIAL SCIENCE (5 decks)

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