Application Of Ceramics

Question 1

noncrystalline silicates containing other oxides, notably CaO, Na2O, K2O, and Al2O3, which influence the glass properties

Answer 1

Glass

Question 2

2 prime assets of ceramics

Answer 2

Optical transparency
Easily fabricated

Question 3

Transform od inorganic glasses from noncrystalline state into crystalline by proper high temperature techniques

Answer 3

Crystallization

Question 4

often added to the glass to promote crystallization

Answer 4

Nucleating agent

Question 5

Frequent nucleating agent

Answer 5

Titanium oxide

Question 6

Widely use raw material in ceramics

Answer 6

Clay

Question 7

Classification of clay based products

Answer 7

Structural clay products
Whiteware ceramics

Question 8

become white after the high-temperature firing

Answer 8

Whiteware

Question 9

applications in which structural integrity is important

Answer 9

Structural clay products

Question 10

capacity to withstand high temperatures without melting or decomposing and the capacity to remain unreactive and inert when exposed to severe environments

Answer 10

Refactory ceramics

Question 11

Classification of refactory ceramics

Answer 11

Fireclay refactory
Silicon refactory
Basic refactory
Special refactory

Question 12

used principally in furnace construction, to confine hot atmospheres, and to thermally insulate structural members from excessive temperatures

Answer 12

Fireclay bricks

Question 13

Prime ingredient of silica refactory

Answer 13

Silica

Question 14

refractories that are rich in periclase, or magnesia (MgO)

Answer 14

Basic refractories

Question 15

especially resistant to attack by slags containing high concentrations of MgO and CaO and find extensive use in some steel-making open hearth furnaces

Answer 15

Basic refractory

Question 16

high-purity oxide materials, which may be produced with very little porosity

Answer 16

Special refactory

Question 17

used for electrical resistance heating elements, as a crucible material, and in internal furnace components

Answer 17

Silicon carbide

Question 18

used to wear, grind, or cut away other material, which necessarily is softer

Answer 18

Abrasive ceramics

Question 19

Common ceramic abrasive

Answer 19

Silicon carbide
Tungsten carbide
Aluminum oxide
Silica sand

Question 20

those in which an abrasive powder is coated on some type of paper or cloth material

Answer 20

Coated ceramics

Question 21

Common example of coated ceramic

Answer 21

Sandpaper

Question 22

used in loose form over a variety of grain size ranges

Answer 22

Loose abrasive

Question 23

when mixed with water, they form a paste that subsequently sets and hardens

Answer 23

Cement

Question 24

act as a bonding phase that chemically binds particulate aggregates into a single cohesive structure

Answer 24

Cement

Question 25

consumed in the largest tonnages

Answer 25

Portland cement

Question 26

Produced using calcination

Answer 26

Portland cement

Question 27

Principal constituents of Portland cement

Answer 27

Tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate

Question 28

hydraulic cement because its hardness develops by chemical reactions with water

Answer 28

Portland cement

Question 29

is the hardest—as a result of its extremely strong interatomic sp3 bonds

Answer 29

Diamond

Question 30

has the lowest sliding coefficient of friction

Answer 30

Diamond

Question 31

has the widest spectral transmission range of all materials

Answer 31

Diamond

Question 32

Technique to produce synthetic diamond

Answer 32

High-pressure high-temperature

Question 33

highly anisotropic

Answer 33

Graphite

Question 34

graphite is optically opaque with a ________

Answer 34

Black silver color

Question 35

graphene layers assume the ordered structure of graphite—planes are parallel to one another having relatively weak van der Waals interplanar bonds

Answer 35

Graphitic carbon fiber

Question 36

more disordered structure results when, during fabrication, graphene sheets become randomly folded, tilted, and crumpled

Answer 36

turbostratic carbon

Question 37

Is isotropic

Answer 37

Turbostratic or pyrolytic carbon

Question 38

used extensively as a biomaterial because of its biocompatibility with some body tissues

Answer 38

Pyrolytic carbon

Question 39

have higher elastic moduli thanturbostratic fibers

Answer 39

Graphitic fibers

Question 40

composed of both graphitic and turbostratic forms

Answer 40

Carbon fiber

Question 41

used in microelectromechanical systems as well as the nanocarbons

Answer 41

Advanced ceramics

Question 42

miniature “smart” systems consisting of a multitude of mechanical devices that are integrated with large numbers of electrical elements on a substrate of silicon

Answer 42

Microelectromechanical system

Question 43

used in some cutting-edge technologies

Answer 43

Nanocarbons

Question 44

Nanocarbons used for high-tech application

Answer 44

Fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene

Question 45

Material compost for C60

Answer 45

Buckminsterfullerene

Question 46

C60 units form a crystalline structure and pack together in a facecentered cubic array

Answer 46

Fullerite

Question 47

consists of a single sheet of graphite

Answer 47

Single - walled carbon nanotubes

Question 48

consisting of concentric cylinders also exist

Answer 48

Multiple walled-carbon nanotubes

Question 49

is a single-atomic-layer of graphite, composed of hexagonally sp2 bonded carbon atoms

Answer 49

Graphene

Question 50

Characteristic of graphene

Answer 50

Prefect order of sheet Unbonder electron

Question 51

produced by heating the raw materials to an elevated temperature above which melting occurs

Answer 51

Glass

Question 52

achieved by complete melting and mixing of the raw ingredients

Answer 52

Homogeneity

Question 53

results from small gas bubbles that are produced;

Answer 53

Porosity

Question 54

used in the fabrication of relatively thick-walled pieces such as plates and dishes

Answer 54

Pressing

Question 55

glass piece is formed by pressure application in a graphite-coated cast iron mold having the desired shape

Answer 55

Pressing

Question 56

done by hand, especially for art objects, the process has been completely automated for the production of glass jars, bottles, and light bulbs

Answer 56

Glass blowing

Question 57

used to form long glass pieces such as sheet, rod, tubing, and fibers, which have a constant cross section

Answer 57

Drawing

Question 58

was produced by casting (or drawing) the glass into a plate shape, grinding both faces to make them flat and parallel, and finally, polishing the faces to make the sheet transparent—a procedure that was relatively expensive

Answer 58

Sheet glass

Question 59

formed by drawing the molten glass through many small orifices at the chamber base

Answer 59

Fiber

Question 60

result of the difference in cooling rate and thermal contraction between the surface and interior regions

Answer 60

Thermal stress

Question 61

Weakening of material which may lead to fraction caused by thermal stress

Answer 61

Thermal shock

Question 62

When water is added into the clay to become plastic

Answer 62

Hydroplasticity

Question 63

suspension of clay and/or other nonplastic materials in water

Answer 63

Slip

Question 64

term that refers to a body that has been formed and dried but not fired

Answer 64

Green ceramic body

Question 65

process of water removal

Answer 65

Drying

Question 66

gradual formation of a liquid glass that flows into and fills some of the pore volume

Answer 66

Vitrification

Question 67

the ceramic analogue to powder metallurgy, is used to fabricate both clay and nonclay compositions, including electronic and magnetic ceramics as well as some refractory brick products

Answer 67

Powder pressing

Question 68

the powder is compacted in a metal die by pressure that is applied in a single direction

Answer 68

Uniaxial pressing

Question 69

powdered material is contained in a rubber envelope and the pressure is applied by a fluid

Answer 69

Isostatic pressing

Question 70

powder pressing and heat treatment are performed simultaneously

Answer 70

Hot pressing

Question 71

process by which there is a coalescence of the powder particles into a more dense mass

Answer 71

Sintering

Question 72

used for materials that do not form a liquid phase except at very high and impractical temperatures

Answer 72

Hot pressing

Question 73

widely used in the production of ceramic substrates that are used for integrated circuits and for multilayered capacitors

Answer 73

Tape casting