Applications Generation"

Question 1

instruction set

Answer 1

he complete set of all the instructions in machine code that can be recognised and executed by a central processing unit.t

Question 2

opcode

Answer 2

the portion of a machine language instruction that specifies the operation to be performed.

Question 3

operand

Answer 3

the part of a computer instruction which specifies what data is to be manipulated or operated on, while at the same time representing the data itself

Question 3

compiler

Answer 3

software that translates a program from high-level to machine code or a low-level language. This program will be able to run without reference to the original program.

Question 4

interpreter

Answer 4

a type of software that executes programs not in the machine code of the computer. It reads a statement and immediately performs the required action. slightly less efficient than a compiled program,

Question 5

object code

Answer 5

the code is generated at an intermediary stage in compilation before libraries are added to make the final machine language version of a program.

Question 6

lexical analysis

Answer 6

A stage in compilation, commands are replaced by tokens; removal of unnecessary characters, like spaces; programmer-defined names are entered into a symbols table;

Question 7

syntax analysis

Answer 7

At a stage in compilation, the tokens are used to build an abstract syntax tree. When the compiler checks that the code that has been written uses a valid syntax.

Question 8

code generation

Answer 8

A stage in compilation, when a machine-code program that is equivalent to the source code is created.

Question 9

optimization

Answer 9

A stage of compilation, removes unused lines of code, tries to replace instructions with more efficient alternatives. Happens during and after code generation.

Question 10

libraries

Answer 10

a collection of software, including software packages, package modules that will only be required occasionally, and machine-code routines for loading into user programs.

Question 11

linkers (static linking)

Answer 11

a software tool that combines object code with libraries. With static linking it converts it into a larger single executable file, libraries, and dynamic link lists.

Question 12

Loader (dynamic linking)

Answer 12

It will dynamically link libraries outside the executable program when it is run. A software tool in the OS. It will load the program into RAM.

Question 13

translator

Answer 13

a program that converts source code into machine code, through either a compiler, assembler, or interpreter

Question 14

abstract syntax tree

Answer 14

a tree construction that is used during the syntax analysis stage of compiling. It checks that the tokens fit into the tree, and generates errors if it doesn’t

Question 15

assembler

Answer 15

a program that converts assembly language between assembly and object code.