Applied Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are different types of bones
Flat, long, short, irregular
What are flat bones
Often quite large and usually protect vital organs
What are long bones
Enable gross movements
What are short bones
Enable finer controlled movements
What are irregular bones
Specifically shaped to protect.
What are the functions of the skeleton
Support, protection of vital organs, movement, shape ad structure, blood cell production, storage of minerals
What are synovial joints and where are they found?
Also known as freely moveable joints, located at the shoulder, elbow, hip, knee and ankle.
They include, Bursae, Tendons, joint capsule, Synovial membrane, ligaments, synovial fluid, cartridge.
What is a ball and socket joint?
Can move away from the body move towards the body and can also rotate. shoulder joint hip joint
What is a hinge joint
Can only move in one direction towards and away from each other can either be an elbow, knee or ankle
What is an isotonic contraction?
When the muscle changes length when it contracts. It can either be concentric (muscles contracts and shortens) or eccentric ( the muscles contracts and lengthens)
What is an isometric contraction?
The muscles stays the same length
What is tidal volume
The normal amount of air inhaled or exhaled per breath.
What are arteries
They have thick muscular walls and small internal diameter, they carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. They do not have vales
What are veins
They have thinner walls but larger internal diameter than arteries. Carry deoxygenated blood. They contains valves to stop backflow
What are valves for
To stop backflow of blood
What are carpillaries
Small blood Bessie’s that link the arteries to the veins. Very thing walls and deoxygenated blood becomes oxygenated
What is cardiac output
The volume of blood ejected from the heart in 1 minute
Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate
What is stroke volume
The volume of blood pumped out of the heart during each ventricle during one contraction
What is aerobic excercise
Takes place in the presence of oxygen,
Glucose + oxygen -> energy + carbon dioxide + water
What is anaerobic excercise
Not enough oxygen
Glucose -> energy + lactic acid
When muscles work anaerobically they produce a waste product called lactic acid.
What is EPOC
This is referring to the amount of oxygen ended to recover after anaerobic excercise
What is the recovery process
It is important for the body to recover after excercise. The methods of recovery are:
-Cool Down (help maintain an elevated breathing and heart rate ensuring blood still flows)
-Manipulation of diet (make sure you are still hydrating yourself, some do carb counting)
-Ice Baths or massages (reduced doms after intense exercise, it increase blood flow to certain areas)
What are the immediate effects of exercise?
Your body temperature will increase
You will sweat
You will breathe more deeply and quicker
Heart rate will increase
What are the short term effects of exercise
Muscle cramps
Fatigue
Light headed
Nauseous
Muscles aching
DOMS
