Applied Anatomy Of The Heart Flashcards
(34 cards)
Heart innervation
SAN AVN. Bundle of His. Left and right bundle branches. Purkinje fibres
3 components of the cardiac plexus
Vagus nerve
Sympathetic nerves
General visceral afferent nerves
Effect of vagus nerve on firing rate
Decrease
Effect of sympathetic chain ganglia on rate of firing
Increase
Where do heart sympathetic fibres enter the spinal cord
T1 - T5
What causes referred pain
Brain cannot distinguish between visceral and somatic sensation
What vessel usually supplies the SAN and AVN
Right coronary artery
What vessel usually supplies the bundle branches
Interventricular arteries
How do impulses travel through the heart if a bundle branch becomes ischaemic
Through myocytes
How does bundle branch block impact ECG
prolonged QRS
How long does severe ischaemia take to cause ECG changes
Minutes
What is stenosis
Valves don’t open properly
What is regurgitation
Valves don’t close properly
Causes of valvular dysfunction
Aging
Rheumatic fever
Bacterial endocarditis
Are mitral regurgitation and aortic stenosis systolic or diastolic murmurs
Systolic
Are mitral stenosis and aortic regurgitation systolic or diastolic murmurs
Diastolic
What is mitral regurgitation
Blood moves through Mitral valve during systole
Where is the murmur heard in mitral regurgitation
Apex
Pansystolic, louder in late systole
What causes the murmur in aortic stenosis
Turbulence as blood pushed through stenotic aortic valve
Where and when is the murmur heard in aortic stenosis
Systolic - usually mid systolic
Right 2nd intercostal space
Is aortic stenosis more severe when the murmur is heard in early or late systole
Late
What does a mitral stenosis murmur sound like
Soft rumbling
What is cardiac remodelling
Heart muscle changing size based on workload
Pre load
Volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
