Applied Psychophysiology

Question 1

Human as lie detector (2)

Answer 1

54% accuracy
Detecting facial expressions

Question 2

Deception detection

Application

Answer 2

Mostly used by government agencies

Question 3

Brain Fingerprinting

Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT)

Answer 3

A P300-MERMER (P300 + LNP)

Question 4

Three types of stimuli are used:

Answer 4

Targets (known to everyone)
Irrelevant (immaterial information)
Probes (known only to perpetuator)

Question 5

Targets (known to everyone)

Answer 5

Red: information that the suspect knows, whether or not he committed the crime crime

Question 6

Irrelevant (immaterial information)

Answer 6

Green: information not known to the subject

Question 7

Probes (known only to perpetrator)

Answer 7

Blue: crime-relevant information only the perpetrator would know

Question 8

“Information absent”

Answer 8

Brainwave response of an innocent suspect to stimuli relevant to a murder

Question 9

“Information Present”

Answer 9

Brainwave response of a serial killer to stimuli relevant to a murder

Question 10

Detection Deception

Event related brain potentials
Advantages (2)

Answer 10

NOT dependent on ANS
Less vulnerable to countermeasures

Question 11

P3 and countermeasures

Answer 11

Wiggling toes and imagining being slapped wiped out the P3 in one study

Question 12

Vigilance

Answer 12

Detection of random, infrequent signals over time

Question 13

Terms related to vigilance (4)

Answer 13

Boredom/monotony, vigilance, workload

Question 14

P300

Answer 14

Good indicator of workload

Question 15

Vigilance diagram

P300 elicited by infrequent counted tones when presented (3)

Answer 15

Concurrently with 8 display elements
Concurrently with 4 display elements
Count only tones (highest)

Question 16

Vigilance meaning (what I wrote)

Answer 16

How quickly you respond to targets vs. nontargets
(Alertness)

Question 17

Example of vigilance:

Answer 17

Air traffic controllers

Question 18

P300 good indicator of workload meaning

Answer 18

Response to infrequent tones (positive or negative)

Question 19

What does P300 mean?

Answer 19

3rd wave (P3)
300 ms of ERP (event)

Question 20

P300 components (2)

Answer 20

Amplitude (either positive or negative)
Latency (time)

Question 21

Scalp distribution

Answer 21

N2-P3 complex

Question 22

Earlier potential:

Answer 22

Exogenous (related to environmental stimuli)

Question 23

Later potential:

Answer 23

Endogenous (related to cognitive processing)

Question 24

Increase workload

Answer 24

P3 in P300 decreases

Question 25

Clinical applications Auditory and Visual evoked potentials

Answer 25

Detects hearing loss in newborns Useful for detecting hemianopia (if there’s a blind field- blindness over half the field of vision)

Question 26

Clinical applications Clinical populations

Answer 26

Down’s syndrome- Lack of ERP habituation HIV- Smaller Auditory P300 amplitude

Question 27

Clinical applications meaning (what I wrote)

Answer 27

Potential to open up ideas to what this means, what part of brain, what’s going on early on

Question 28

Clinical applications EEG abnormalities detected in (4)

Answer 28

Tumors, encephalitis, epilepsy, meningitis

Question 29

In the waking adult (3)

Answer 29

Delta (associated with hemorrhage, tumor) Spike activity (epilepsy) Note: abnormal EEG in ~20% of healthy subjects

Question 30

Epilepsy (what I wrote)

Answer 30

NEED EEG (diagnosed based on individual’s brain capacity)

Question 31

In the waking adult (what I wrote)

Answer 31

Ex: no delta during the day Specific pattern expect to see when asleep, specific characteristics when awake

Question 32

Clinical Applications Diagnosing Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 32

Event Relation Potentials (ERP) complements MRI

Question 33

Diagnosing Multiple Sclerosis Event Relation Potentials (ERP) complements MRI (2)

Answer 33

Small lesions not visible in MRI are captured by ERP But ERPs don’t always reveal lesions well defined by MRI

Question 34

Clinical applications In brain death

Answer 34

EEG & ERP

Question 35

In brain death EEG & ERP Auditory ERP (3)

Answer 35

Waves I-II: 8th cranial nerve Waves III-IV: Medulla and pons Waves V: Midbrain (colliculi)

Question 36

Waves I and II result from… While later waves Wave V

Answer 36

The eighth nerve Reflect postsynaptic activity in major brainstem auditory centers. The component most analyzed in clinical applications, originates from the inferior colliculus

Question 37

Clinical applications In schizophrenia (2)

Answer 37

Higher voltage beta activity (24-33 Hz) compared to controls & diminished alpha Electrodermal activity (EDA) generally higher in chronic schizophrenics (hyper arousal)

Question 38

Hyper arousal (what I wrote)

Answer 38

Association cortex

Question 39

Clinical applications In Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (3)

Answer 39

EEG suggest cortical hypo arousal Low frequencies (theta & alpha) are HIGH Beta LOW Theta/beta ratios

Question 40

Clinical applications Predicting degenerative disorders (3)

Answer 40

Alzheimer’s, Substance abuse, Depression

Question 41

Predicting degenerative disorders Alzheimer’s (2)

Answer 41

P300 amplitude in 1st degree relatives of Alzheimer’s patients In Alzheimer’s patients, auditory P3 is reduced and scalp topography changed (larger in frontal sites when typically P300 is larger in posterior)

Question 42

Predicting degenerative disorders Substance abuse (2)

Answer 42

P300 amplitude LOWER in sons of alcoholic fathers Another study, poor control of EDR in response to predictable loud noise (most likely due to poor inhibitory control)

Question 43

Predicting degenerative disorders In depression

Answer 43

Left frontal hypoactivation: More alpha activity in the left frontal lobe (less beta) than in the right frontal lobe