Approach-behaviourist Flashcards
(4 cards)
What is classical conditioning?
Learning by association. This occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired together ucs and new ns. The nd eventually produced the same response that was first produced by the ucs alone.
What is operant conditioning
A firm if learning which behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences. Positive and negative reinforcement.
Give a 6 marker on behaviourist approach Ao1.
1)this approach suggest learning is through association.
2) the NS presenter at the same time as the ucs which already produces a response. After the two have been presented together many times the ns should produce the response even if the ucs isn’t present.
3) mother and babies example
4)operant conditioning is learning through reinforcement. Positive and negative.
5) positive is receiving and reward to a certain behaviour increasing the likely hood of the behaviour being repeated
6) negative reinforcement is avoiding an unpleasant stimuli that would be viewed as a punishment.
Give 3 evaluations off learning approach
1) strength supporting evidence for reinforcement .Skinners research on reinforcement through rats. Rats could pull a leaver to be rewarded food- PR. Rats avoid punishment by pulling leaver -NR. Punishment is the electric shock. He found repetition of reinforcement.
Strength of usefulness. Two process model (explaining phobias). Shows conditioning as a valid explanation. The impact provides ways of this being treated.
Limitation of usefulness. Most testing are used with animals to show learning theory. Humans have more of a complex structure of life because of social impacts. Therefore the finding in the study may not be generalisable to humans as animals have different genetics and how they interact with the world .
