Humanist Approach Flashcards
(9 cards)
What is the humanist approach
Is understanding behaviour emphasises the importance of subjective experience and each persons capacity for self determination.
What does this approach believe?
It believes that individuals are active agents who can determine their own development. This is known as free-will ( humans are not determined by internal or external forces)
Give a 6 marker on basic assumptions
1) every Individual is unique. People are different and should be treated as such.
2) individuals have free will- this is the ability to choose what they do and therefore in control of their behaviour
3) people should be viewed holistically. Humans argue that there is no point looking at just one aspect of an individual. If only one part is considered, than much of what is impacting might be missed.
4) humanist psychology rejects scientific models - that attends to establish general principles
4 marker on free will
1) a core assumption of the humanist approach is that indicates have free will. This means people can choose what they do and are in control of their behaviour.
2) Ultimately, this means that they oversee how they develop and progress through life
3) HA does acknowledge that individuals have constraints on their free will, in that there are social rules , laws and morals that restrict whether and indivuals acts upon their free will.
4) however they argue that ultimately if someone wants to do something they can choose to do it
3 marker on self actualisation
1) is the desire to grow psychologically and fulfil one fulls potentual.
2) become what they are capable of. Maslow and Roger have different ideas on self- actualisation.
3) Maslow focuses on the hierarchy of needs and rivers on the self and congruence
6 marker on Maslow hierarchy of needs
1) A five levelled hierarchy in which basic psychological needs must be satisfied before higher needs can be achieved ( like a game)
2) LEVEL 1: physiological needs: food, sleep, water
3) LEVEL 2: safety needs: security, freedom of fear, protection
4) LEVEL 3: belonging needs: need for friends, love
5) LEVEL 4: self-esteem needs: status, self- respect, recognition
6) LEVEL 5: self actualisation needs: realising full potential
6 marker on the self, congruence and conditional worth
1) the self refers to the idea and value that characteristics “I” and “me” and includes perception and valuing of “what I am”
2) congruence is when the self-concept and ideal self are seen to broadly matched. It is the aim of rogerian therapy
3) Roger’s argued that for personal growth to be achieved an individuals self concept must be congruent with their ideal self.
4) too big a gap exist between the two selves the person will experience a state it in congruence and self actualisation will not be possible due to negative feelings of self worth
5) Roger claims that many of the issues experienced as adults such as worthlessness have their roots in childhood and can often be explained by a lack of unconditional love from parents
6) for example a parent saying “ I will only love you if you study medicine”
6 marker in client centred therapy
1) To reduce the gap between the self- concept and the ideal self, Roger’s developed client centred therapy .
2)This is also known as counselling and helps people to cope with their problems everyday.
3) the aim is to increase the persons feelings of self worth, reduce levels of incongruence between the self concept and the ideal self and help the individual become a more fully functioning person
4) CCT sees the Individual as the expert of their own condition.
5) the therapy is non- directive and the client is encouraged towards the discovery of their own solutions with awareness warm atmosphere
6) an effective therapist should provide the client with three things : genuineness, empathy and unconditional positive regard that they failed to receive as a child
3 evaluations for H approach
LT- humanist psychology includes several vague ideas that are abstract and are difficult to test. Concepts such as self- actualisation may be useful therapeutic tools but would prove problematic to assess under experimental conditions.
SU- praised for bringing the person back into psychology and promoting positive image of human condition. Freud saw humans as being slaves to their paste and claims all indivuals exist somewhere between “common unhappiness”. Humanist psychology offers a refreshing and optimistic alternative as it sees people as basically good and in control of their lives.
SU- HA reject any attempt to break up behaviour and experience into smaller components. They advocate holism, the idea that subjective experience can only be understood by considering a person as a whole. This approach have more validity than its alternatives because it considered meaningful human behaviour within its real life context
