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ECOS I Exam 1 > Approach To Joint Exam > Flashcards

Approach To Joint Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What are intra-articular structures?

A

Within the joint capsules

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2
Q

What are extra articular structures?

A

Outside the joint capsule

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3
Q

What is a dislocation?

A

Complete lack of contact between 2 articular surfaces

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4
Q

What is subluxation?

A

Residual contact between 2 articular surfaces

Not completely separated - shifted

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5
Q

What is valgus deformity?

A

Distal part of limb directed away from midline

Genu valgus = knock knees (knees touching)

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6
Q

What is a varus deformity?

A

Distal part of limb directed toward midline

Genu varus = bow legs

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7
Q

What is mono articular?

A

One joint

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8
Q

What is poly articular?

A

Multiple joints

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9
Q

What is migratory?

A

Moves from one joint to another

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10
Q

What are extra articular structures?

A

Bones, muscles, tendons, bursa and skin

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11
Q

What is myalgia?

A

Muscle pain

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12
Q

What is arthralgia?

A

Joint pain

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13
Q

What is tensoynovitis?

A

Inflammation of the tendon sheath

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14
Q

What is a sprain?

A

Ligament injury

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15
Q

What is a strain?

A

Muscular injury

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16
Q

What is effusion?

A

Fluid in the joint

17
Q

What are important components of a history and physical regarding joints?

A 
Location (mono or poly; entire joint or just one spot)
Duration (acute or chronic) 
General ROS (discriminators and life threats like fever, chills, CP, SOB)
Complaint specific ROS
18
Q

What is an important aspect to obtain during an HPI for joint complaints?

A

Traumatic or atraumatic

19
Q

What is important information to know regarding medications the pt with joint complaint may be taking?

A

Blood thinners

Effects surgery and body’s response

20
Q

What are important aspects during a joint exam?

A

Inspection, palpation, range of motion and specialty testing

21
Q

What must you always do during a joint exam?

A

Always compare to the opposite extremity

22
Q

Describe inspection of the joint

A

Look at the joint what do you see?

23
Q

Describe what to look for upon palpation of the joint

A

Temperature difference? Tenderness (general tenderness or point tenderness?)

24
Q

Describe evaluation ROM during a joint exam

A

Active ROM first then try passive
Restricted ROM is the most sensitive indicator of joint disease
Never force ROM if it hurts the pt

25
Q

What should always be evaluated during an extremity exam?

A

Always check neurovascular status distal to the injury

26
Q

Which components are involved during an extremity exam?

A 
Inspection, palpation, ROM, specialty testing 
Neurovascular status (neuro/reflexes and vascular/pulses)
27
Q

Specialty tests

A

There are a ton of them

Some are helpful others are not

28
Q

Reflexes

A

Always check the reflexes in affected extremity and compare to the opposite extremity
Recorded as 0-4 out of 4

29
Q

What should you always assess for muscle strength?

A

Always assess and document motor and sensory function to soft tissue injury of fracture
Compare with opposite extremity

30
Q

Scale for grading pulses

A 
0 = absent, unable to palpate 
1+ = diminished, weaker than expected 
2+ = brisk, expected, normal* 
3+ = bounding
31
Q

What do you always check for when evaluation vasculature?

A

Always check pulses and/or capillary refill distal to the site of injury

32
Q

What are some pearls for the joint exam?

A

Do not ever force a range of motion exam or specialty test that greatly increases the pts pain
Always compare the joint/extremity with the pathology to the opposite “normal” extremity

33
Q

What is the process for developing and working through a DDx?

A 
Develop broad DDx*
Narrow DDx*
Develop working DDx*
Pursued DDx 
Assessment and plan
34
Q

What is the VINDICATE pneumonic for a systemic approach when developing a broad DDx?

A 
Vascular 
Inflammatory 
Neoplastic 
Degenerative/deficiency 
Idiopathic/intoxication 
Congenital 
Autoimmune/allergic 
Traumatic 
Endocrine
35
Q

What are examples of traumatic joint pain?

A

Extra-articular (bone vs soft tissue) or intra-articular

36
Q

What are examples of ataumatic joint pain?

A

Extrinsic/referred pain

Intrinsic (the joint in general) - intra or extra articular

37
Q

What is the top causes of life threatening joint pain?

A 
Referred pain (ex. MI)*
Septic arthritis
38
Q

What is FOOSH?

A

Fall on out stretched hand

39
Q

What is a Colle’s fracture?

A

Distal radius fracture

Usually results from a FOOSH

ECOS I Exam 1 (26 decks)

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