Motion Dynamics

Question 1

What is a plane?

Answer 1

A flat surface on which a straight line joining any two points on it would wholly lie

Question 2

What is an axis?

Answer 2

A straight line around which an object rotates

Question 3

What are the three types of planes?

Answer 3

Coronal/frontal/lateral
Sagittal/antero-posterior
Horizontal/transverse

Question 4

Coronal/frontal/lateral plane

Answer 4

Bisects the body into front and back halves

Allows for flexion and extension

Question 5

Sagittal/antero-posterior plane

Answer 5

Bisects the body into right and left halves

Allows for side bending, abduction and adduction

Question 6

Horizontal/transverse plane

Answer 6

Divides the body into superior and inferior halves

Allows for rotation

Question 7

What are the three types of joints?

Answer 7

Fibrous (skull articulations)
Cartilaginous (discs between vertebrae)
Synovial (6 types - extremities)

Question 8

How is ROM often measured?

Answer 8

In degrees

Question 9

Most joints have a primary motion in one

Answer 9

Plane with smaller motions in the other two planes

Question 10

What are the three components to ROM?

Answer 10

Direction, range and quality

Question 11

Direction

Answer 11

Flexion, extension, side bending and rotation

Question 12

Range

Answer 12

Actual measurement of ROM in degrees

Question 13

Quality of ROM can be characterized by what?

Answer 13

Smooth - normal
Ratcheting - ex. Parkinson’s disease
Restricted - contracture or somatic dysfunction
Exhibiting resistance to the motion induced - cerebral palsy

Question 14

What are the different types of end feel of ROM?

Answer 14

Elastic, abrupt, hard, empty, and crisp

Question 15

Elastic end feel of ROM

Answer 15

Like a rubber band

Question 16

Abrupt end feel of ROM

Answer 16

Osteoarthritis or hinge joint

Question 17

Hard end feel of ROM

Answer 17

Somatic dysfunction

Question 18

Empty end feel of ROM

Answer 18

Stops due to guarding (pt doesnt allow the motion due to pain)

Question 19

Crisp end feel of ROM

Answer 19

Involuntary muscle guarding as in pinched nerve

Question 20

Occasionally when a pt has a ROM in somatic dysfunction then you can observe a

Answer 20

Shift of their midline

Question 21

Flexibility is the

Answer 21

range of motion in a joint or group of joints or the ability to move joints effectively through a complete ROM

Question 22

What are the two types of flexibility?

Answer 22

Static and dynamic

Question 23

Static flexibility

Answer 23

Maximal ROM a joint can achieve with an externally applied force

Question 24

Dynamic flexibility

Answer 24

ROM an athlete can produce and speed at which they can produce it

Question 25

What is stiffness?

Answer 25

Reduced ROM of a joint or group of joints

Question 26

The spine is a complicated system of

Answer 26

Articulations and bony segments that serves to protect the spinal cord while providing a basic support axis for the upper body

Question 27

What makes up a functional unit?

Answer 27

Two vertebrae, their associated disc, neurovascular and other soft tissues

Question 28

What portion of the spine displays the greatest motion?

Answer 28

``` Cervical spine (Concept of the structure and motion of spinal segments differing substantially over the entire spinal column) ```

Question 29

What is coupled motion?

Answer 29

Consistent application of a motion along or about one axis with another motion about or along a second axis. The principle motion cannot be produced without the associated motion occurring as well. Ex: flexing and rotating the trunk at the same time

Question 30

What is linkage?

Answer 30

The relationship of *joint* mechanics with surrounding structures By linking multiple structures together you will get increased ROM Ex. Shoulder-spine or spine-hip/pelvis

Question 31

Specific joint assessment requires

Answer 31

Joint isolation for accurate measurement and evaluation

Question 32

Functional assessment of a joint may assess

Answer 32

Linkage

Question 33

Motion can be tested at

Answer 33

One segment or globally to include surrounding segments or regions

Question 34

Motion dynamics of skeletal dysfunction

Answer 34

Hard end point Ex: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and somatic dysfunction (All the same for arthrodial dysfunction as well)

Question 35

Motion dynamics of myofascial dysfunction

Answer 35

Tight, elastic end point | Ex: scar tissue and somatic dysfunction

Question 36

Motion dynamics of vascular dysfunction

Answer 36

Empty end feel | Ex: peripheral vascular disease, thoracic outlet syndrome and somatic dysfunction

Question 37

Motion dynamics of lymphatic dysfunction

Answer 37

Empty or boggy end feel | Ex: lymphedema, visceral dysfunction like CHF, acute injury like a sprained ankle, and somatic dysfunction

Question 38

Motion dynamics of neural dysfunction

Answer 38

Crisp or empty end feel | Ex: herniated disc, thoracic outlet syndrome, and somatic dysfunction