Approaches

Question 1

What is introspection and who developed it?

Answer 1

Introspection was the first systematic, experimental technique to study the mind. Consciousness was broken down into images, sensations, and thoughts. It was a self-report method of analysis. Wilhelm Wundt introduced this.

Question 2

What is one strength of introspection?

Answer 2

Wundt incorporated both systematic and well-controlled methods of analysis. Extraneous variables were controlled and the procedure was standardised. These are traits of a scientific procedure.

Question 3

What is one limitation of introspection?

Answer 3

The data collected through this method is subjective due to the process using self-report techniques. This makes the data vulnerable to bias and demand characteristics. This makes the method less scientific.

Question 4

What two qualities are required for data to be scientific?

Answer 4

Systematic and objective measures.

Question 5

Name 5 approaches and 3 founders. (match approaches with founders)

Answer 5

IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER:
Psychodynamic - Freud
Behaviourist - Watson & Skinner
Humanist - Rogers & Maslow
Cognitive - N/A
Social Learning Theory - Bandura
Biological - N/A
Cognitive neuroscience - N/A

Question 6

Name two of the leading researchers of the behaviourist approach.

Answer 6

Pavlov and Skinner
(Watson is possible, but more to do with attachment)

Question 7

What did Bandura et al. do in their study on Social Learning Theory?

Answer 7

Researched the effect of modelling/vicarious reinforcement on learning using a Bobo doll.

Question 8

Name the four mediational processes identified by Bandura.

Answer 8

1) Attention
2) Retention
3) Motor reproduction
4) Motivation

Question 9

What are the three components in the ‘tripartite’ personality?

Answer 9

The Id, the Ego, and the Superego.