Memory Flashcards
What does the Multi-Store Memory Model consist of?
1) Sensory Register
2) Short-term memory
3) Long-term memory
What are the three types of long-term memory?
Procedural, Episodic, Semantic
What does the Working Memory Model consist of?
(with sub-components)
Central Executive, Phonological Loop (Phonological store + articulatory loop), Visuo-spatial sketchpads (visual store, spatial store), Episodic Buffer
Name 3 studies and their researchers into anxiety’s impact on eyewitness testimony.
Johnson & Scott - Lab experiment (knife/pen)
Yuille & Cutshall - Gun shop shooting (misleading information)
Christiansen & Hubinette - Bank robberies (22 bank robberies, 58 testimonies)
What is the Yerkes-Dodson effect?
The curvilinear “inverted U” relationship between arousal and performance (extrapolated to anxiety and accuracy)
What did Johnson & Scott’s study investigate?
The weapon focus effect (created from anxiety) and its effect on accurate recall
What did Deffenbacher suggest in his review of 21 anxiety/EWT studies.
The Yerkes-Dodson effect
Name 3 studies and their researchers into the effect of misleading information on accuracy.
Car crash video - Loftus & Palmer
Purse theft video - Loftus
Gun shop shooting - Yuille & Cutshall
What are the 4 components of the Cognitive Interview?
Mental reinstatement (of original context)
Report everything
Change order
Change perspective
Who conducted a meta-analysis of 53 studies into the cognitive interview?
Köhnken et al.
Name the three main typers of coding.
Acoustic, visual, tactile
What process does STM information need to undergo to consolidate into LTM?
Maintenance rehearsal
Name the three main stores in the sensory register.
Iconic, echoic, haptic
Name one piece of research evidence into sensory memory.
Sperling - 3 rows of 4 letters
Name the capacity, encoding and duration of the SR.
very large,
modality specific, 250ms
Name the capacity, encoding and duration of STM.
auditory,
7 (+/-2) pieces when chunked,
18-30s
Name the capacity, encoding and duration of LTM.
Semantic,
potentially unlimited,
potentially unlimited
Name one study into the encoding of LTM.
Baddeley - semantically similar/dissimilar words
Name one study into the duration of STM.
Peterson & Peterson - trigrams with time delay
Describe the three types of LTM.
Episodic - explicit memory of events including compiled sensory input.
Semantic - explicit memory of factual information.
Procedural - memory of how to carry out physical tasks automatically.
Describe the case of HM.
Damage to consolidation of semantic and procedural memories. Able to create new procedural LTMs (e.g. mirror drawing). STM unimpaired.
Describe the case of KF.
Brain damage resulted in STM digit span of 1-2 items. Auditory stimuli was more likely to be forgotten than visual. LTM was unimpaired.
