Approaches simple Flashcards by Aoife Bridges

Who made psychology scientific

Wundt

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What is meant by introspection?

‘Looking into’ the process by which a person gains knowledge about their inner mind through examining their conscious thoughts and sensations

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What is meant by classical conditioning

Learning through association

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What is the name of a study relating to classical conditioning

Pavlova dog

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What is the basic assumption of the behaviourist approach

All behaviour is learnt.
Animals and humans learn the same
The mind is irrelevant

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Is the behaviourist approach nature or nurture?

Nurture

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What approaches are idiographic

Psychodynamic
Humanistic

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What approaches are nomothetic?

Behaviourist
Cognitive
Biological
Social learning

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What does the behaviourist approach ignore?

Complex learning
Genetics
Personality
Cognitive processes

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Who does the behaviourist approach test on?

Humans and animals

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What method of testing do the behaviourists use?

Experiments

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What is the behaviourist approach known for?

Classical and operant conditioning

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What approaches are reductionist

Behaviourist
Cognitive
Biological
Social learning

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What approaches are holistic

Psychodynamic
Humanistic

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Is the behaviourist approach determinist

Yes

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What practical applications came from the behaviourist approach

Systematic desensitisation
Flooding

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What approaches are scientific

Behaviourist
Cognitive
Biological
Social learning

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What approaches are not scientific

Humanistic
Psychodynamic

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Does the psychodynamic approach argue nature or nurture

Both

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Is the psychodynamic approach determinist

Yes

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What are the main assumptions of the psychodynamic approach

Childhood influences our behaviour unconsciously
We have innate drives and motivations

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What does the psychodynamic approach ignore?

Positive emotions
‘Normal’ individuals’
Biological factors

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Who does the psychodynamic approach test on?

Humans only

What method does the psychodynamic approach use to test?

Case studies and therapy

What practical applications came from the psychodynamic approach

Therapy = psychoanalysis

What is the psychodynamic approach known for?

Psychosexual stages Personality Defence mechanisms

What are the basic assumptions of the cognitive approach

We are like a computer The focus is on mental processes

Is the cognitive approach nature or nurture

Both

What does the cognitive approach ignore

Genetics Personality Motivation Long term goals

Who does the cognitive approach test on

Humans and animals

What method does the cognitive approach use for testing

Experiments Lab field and natural

Is the cognitive approach deterministic

Soft determinist

What are some practical applications from the cognitive approach

Recovering brains from trauma Treating learning disorders

What are the basic assumptions of the biological approach

Behaviour is caused by hormones genetics and evolution and the CNS

What does the biological approach ignore

Environmental issues and cognitive structures

Who does the biological approach test on?

Humans and animals

What is the biologicals approach preferred method of testing

Experiments and twin studies

What is the biological approach known for?

Bartlett - neuroscience

Is the biological approach nature or nurture

Nature

Is the biological approach determinist?

Yes

What are some practical applications from the biological approach

Psychoactive drugs BZ’s Teach healthcare workings techniques for self soothing

What is the basic assumption of social learning theory?

We identify with role models. We copy behaviour through vicarious reinforcement.

Is social learning theory nature or nurture?

Nurture

Is social learning theory determinist?

Soft determinist

What method does social learning theory use?

Experiments Observations

Does social learning theory have practical applications

Understanding aggression and how to prevent it

What does social learning theory ignore?

Biological influences

Who does social learning theory test on

Animals and humans

What are the basic assumptions of the humanistic approach

An individual should be seen as a whole and are driven to their full potential. Considers feelings and choices

What is social learning theory known for

Vicarious reinforcement Meditational processes

Is the humanistic approach nature or nurture

Nurture

Is the humanistic approach determinist

No, it believes in free will

What practical applications came from the humanistic approach

A therapy Client centred therapy

What does the humanistic approach ignore

Biological factors Childhood and development Cognitive structure

Who does the humanistic approach test on

Humans

What method does the humanistic approach use

Qualitative date Questionnaires Therapy

What is the humanistic Approach known for

Maslows hierarchy of needs Roger self actualisation Counselling