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Arch Development and Space Flashcards

1
Q

dental age

A

age equivalence

- based on the # of teeth

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2
Q

chronological age

A

age of years from birth

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3
Q

normal vs ideal

A

normal does not mean ideal

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4
Q

ideal means

A

a condition that is scientifically “best” but makes no assumptions on its prevelance ina group

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5
Q

factors effecting development

A

genetics – calcification erupton

nutrition – like malnutrition can affect the size, proportion, quality and texture of the teeth

chronic ilness - major illness can affect the tooth devlopment

race –

socioeconmic

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6
Q

pre-natal development

A

within fetus - ectomesenchymal reaction

all 20 primary teeth begin calcification during the pre-natal period

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7
Q

central primary calcification begins

A

14 week in utero

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8
Q

lateral primary calcification begins

A

16 week in utero

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9
Q

canine primary calcification begins

A

17 week in utero

implication – like if something happened at 17 weeks could notice in the canine of the child

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10
Q

1st molar primary calcification begins

A

15 week in utero

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11
Q

2nd molar primary calcification begins

A

19 week in utero

18 week in utero for mandibular

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12
Q

natal teeth

A

occasionally at birth – but usually doesnt begin to erupt until at least 6 month of age

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13
Q

range of noraml eruption

A

usually within 6 months back and forth

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14
Q

eruption sequence vs timing

A

sequence – usually same but the time could be different for people

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15
Q

1/2 2/3 of root formaitno

A

will likely come into the cavity or be able to with help

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16
Q

primate spaces

A

mandibular between canines and first molars

maxillary - between lateral and canines

generalized spacing in the primary dentition is a requirement for proper alignment

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17
Q

crown completion, eruption and root completino for max and mand central primary

A

max
1.5 month
10 month
1.5 yhears

mand
2.5 month
8 month
1.5 year

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18
Q

crown completion, eruption and root completino for max and mand primary lateral

A

2.5 month
11 months
2 year

3 month
13 month
1/5 year

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19
Q

crown completion, eruption and root completino for max and mand primary canine

A

9 month
19 month
3.25 years

9month
20 month
3.25 year

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20
Q

crown completion, eruption and root completino for max and mand primary 1st molar

A

6 month
16 month
2.5 year

5/5 month
16 month
2.25 year

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21
Q

crown completion, eruption and root completino for max and mand primary 2nd molar

A

11 month
29 month
3 year

10 month
27 month
3 year

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22
Q

neonatal ring

A

around primary teeth - noting the clacification difference when born

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23
Q

a-b-d-c-e

A

sequence

incirosr first

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24
Q

pre-emergent eruption of permanent teeth

A

as the crown is being formed there is a smalllabial drift of the follicle within the bone, not attributed to eruption forces

eruptive forces bein soon after the root begins to form

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25
two forces in eruption - like for it to occur
1. resorption of bone and primary tooth roots | 2. eruption of the permanent tooth in the path that has been cleared
26
root forms in what direction
apically - pushes down while crown moves up and pushes the primary root up
27
permanent teeth relationship to primary
lingual to primary like cnetral incisor is lingual to A and lateral incisor lingual to central
28
pot emergent eruption phase when
instance of first gingival penetration until the tooth reaches the occlusal level
29
speed of pre and post
post is much faster --
30
post-emergent spurt
starts frominstance of first gingival penetration until the tooth reaches the occlusal level once the OCCLUSAL PLANE is reached
31
juvenile occlusal equilibrium
after the spurt -- slow eruption phase -- equals the vertical growth rate of the ramus in a normally growing adult
32
adult occlusal equilibrium phase
after all facial growth is complete -- this phase remains active throughout life
33
at night?
spurts of micro movement in teeth
34
jevenile occlusal equilibrium is achieved by
eruptive forces pushing coronally and occlusal forces pushing apically
35
calcification of 1st molar
32 week in utero everything else after birth
36
calcification of 3rd molar
8 - max 9- mand in years
37
general rule if tooth is ready to erupt - or will
1/2 to 2/3 - ready to start erupting then 2-3 years later will start to erupt
38
clinical emergence of permanent teeth occurs
when 2/3 to 3/4 roots are developed
39
most common sequence of erruption develops into a ___
class I occlusion with 90.6%
40
canine eruption in permanent? general
after bicuspids in maxillary before bicuspids in mandibular
41
mixed dentition starts? ends?
when eruption of the 1st permanent tooth (mandibular 1st molar) erupts distal to primary second molar ends - when the loss of the last deciduous tooth occurs usually maxillary deciduos canines
42
non succedaneous teeth
1st 2nd and 3rd molars remember that each quadrant 5 permanent teeth (2 incisors, canine, and 2 pre-molars replalce five primary teeth)
43
dental age 5
eruption tendencies of permanent incisors and the first molars all primary teeth in and developed eruption tendencies in incisors
44
dental age 6
eruption of mandibular 1st molar max first molar mandibular central incisor
45
dental age 7
eruption of max central incisor and mandibulr lateral incisor
46
dental age 8
eruption of max lateral incisor delay of 2-3 years before any further teeth erupt
47
dental age 9-10
root development of canines and premolars and resorption of the primary roots *important time for x-rays
48
dental ages 9-11
range permanent canines start to point down mesially towards lateral incisor apical area Temporary incisor spacing and distal tipping --> ugly duckling stage usually as it peaks in into the later roots -- pears to be flared out - this is normal
49
"ugly duckling stage"
ages 9-11 corresponding to temporary incisor spacing and distal tipping
50
dental age 11
eruption of mandibular canine mandibular 1st pre-molars maxillary 1st premolars
51
dental age 12
should see max and mand second pre molar maxillary canine 2nd molars
52
max or mandibular canine first?
mandibular (age 11 ish usually)
53
dental age 13-15
roots of all permanent teeth complete except the 3rd molars crown formation of the 3rd molars
54
AGE WITH primary teeth WITH ADDITION OF FIRST MOLARS, central incisors and lateral incisors
8 year old
55
picture of mandible with permanent 4 incisors and first molars and one of the permanent canines
10 years old around
56
example with all permanent with 1st molars, incisors, pre molars ad one maxillary canine
no primary teeth left 11-12
57
example of mandibular arch with second molars (e) still in place - have first pre-molars and canine-canine erupting see NO second premolar
10 1/2 - 11
58
if max second molars are there - what age should we think?
12 years old
59
three relationships of molars in PRIMARY teeth
1. distal step - where maxillary upper is positioned mesial to the lower molar flush terminal plane -- max and mand distal planes are in line mesial step - when the maxillary molar is distal to the mandibular molar creating a mesial step step is in relation to the mandibular primary
60
class II usually from
distal step
61
growth in relaiton to the primary dentition molar classificatin
``` DISTAL STEP if growth is little --> class II and with forward growth will go to end to end ``` ``` FLUSH TERMINAL PLANE - little growth -- end to end - forward growth of mandible --> class I ``` ``` MESIAL STEP - little growth -- class I ``` forward growth of mandible Class III
62
normally mesial step will form>
class I
63
percentage of primary dentiont that ends as class I, II, III, end to end?
I- 55% II- 19% III- 1% end to end -- 25%
64
important | MESIAL STEP very exxageratted together with spacing and drifting and mesial growth horizontal of mandible
class III
65
distal step always
class II
66
exaggerated mesial step
class III
67
flush plane is ..
very variable
68
maxillary arch dimensional change in canine
5 mm increase - BIcanine gets wider - grow more bucally
69
maxillary arch width dimensional change in molar?
4 mm increase more change seen in the canine - canine span
70
maxillary arch length ?
DECREASES SLIGHTLY mesail of first molar or distal of primary second molar to buccal of centrals primary molars are wider than the permanent pre-molars transverse line
71
maxillary arch circumferential change?
1 mm increase
72
mandibular atch width dimensional change
bicanine 3mm increase bimolar 2mm increase
73
mandibular arch length dimenional change
1 mm decrease maxillary see a slight decrease as well
74
mandibular arch circumference change?
yes DECREASE IN 4MM VS MAXILLARY IS 1 MM INCREASE
75
LEEWAY SPACE / E SPACE
MESIO-DISTAL width of primary canine, first molar, and second molar compared to the M-D width of permanent canine, 1st and 2nd pre-molars
76
leeway space on maxilla and mandible?
max = 1.2 mm mandible = 3.1 mm
77
implication of leeway space in adequate
crowding -- the most common feature of malocclusion
78
prevent need of future extractions?
diagnose and early treat crowding -
79
space required
the actaual measurement of each permanent tooth material between the first permanent molars measure each tooth with calibrater - M-D width of each tooth in front of first molars
80
space avaialbel
measured arch perimeter mesial to the first permanent molars
81
discrepency between space avaialble and space required results?
in either spacing or crowding space avaialbel - space required
82
determine space available/ required with not all permanent teeth in?
Hixon -Oldfather technique
83
Hixon -Oldfather technique
1. measure premolar widths from x-ray of same side (like the erupting ones) 2. measure incisors (centrals and laterals) on SAME SIDE 3. ADD THOSE 4. REFER TO A TABLE - PREDICTION CHART 5. final step --> measure actual space available from distal of lateral incisor to mesial of first molar and compare to prediction GET THE PREDICTED VALUE OF COMBINED PERMANENT CANINE AND PRE-MOLAR WIDTH
84
Hixon -Oldfather technique
GET THE PREDICTED VALUE OF COMBINED PERMANENT CANINE AND PRE-MOLAR WIDTH from pre-molar on -ray and measuring the central and later M-D and adding
85
arch length discrepancy
space available - space required = arch length discrepancy
86
negative value from equation of space analysis vs +
negative = crowding positive = spacing

Ortho (19 decks)

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