Etiology

Question 1

congenitally missing teeth associated with

Answer 1

sytemic disease like ectodermal dysplasia

Question 2

clinically implication of congenitally missing teeth

Answer 2

spacing problem

Question 3

supernumerary teeth clinical implication

Answer 3

spacing – impacted or crowding

Question 4

multiple supernumerary teeth associated with

Answer 4

congenital syndromes like cleidocranial dysplasia

Question 5

implications of pre-mature loss of primary tooth

Answer 5

anterior segment - due to size of erupting permanent

usually affects primary canines

tendency for the space to close

incisor tend to drift distally

Question 6

most common extra tooth

Answer 6

mesiodens

- found in midline upper centrals

Question 7

clinical implication of premature exfoliation of c’s (like primary tooth c)

Answer 7

midlien shift, pace collapse for eruption of permanents and crowding

Question 8

premature loss of d’s or e’s can cause what clinically

Answer 8

alteration of molar relation and crowding or lack of space for eruption of permanent pre-molar or canines

alterations of the occlusal plane

Question 9

extraction of permanent teeth - when are changes seen

Answer 9

bigger changes are in the first 6 months post extraction

Question 10

implication of loss of permanent teeth

Answer 10

clinically – occlusal plane is broken/ altered. space collapses, and abnormal tooth inclination

Question 11

clinically small teeth lead to –>

large teeth? –>

Answer 11

small – large jaws – spacing

large teeth – smaller jaws – crowding

(ideally you want small teeth - with small jaws and vice versa)

Question 12

bolton
discrepency
% accurate? why?

Answer 12

only 5% have the proprtional size of teeth

states the size of the upper teeth is not proportional to the size of the lower teeth (5% of population)

due to the size of the lateral incisor variation

Question 13

clinical implication of bolton discrepency

Answer 13

spacing, crowding, or if aligned altered OJ

Question 14

what can alter eruption

Answer 14

supernumerary teeth, sclerotic bone, heavy fibrou gingiva can obstruct

or mechanical interference

Question 15

ectopic eruption - general

Answer 15

malposition of a tooth bud can lead to eruption in a wrong place

may be associated with trauma in primary dentition

also produced by lack of arch space

can produce root resorption of wrong primary

can lead to impaction

Question 16

more frequency of ectopic eruption in which teeth

Answer 16

upper first molars, upper cuspids, and lower second bicupids

Question 17

mot extreme ectopipc

Answer 17

transposition – teeth switched in position with the neighboring tooth

like pre molar in spot of canine

most frequent – cuspid and the bicuspid

Question 18

ankylosis found in? radiographically looks?

Answer 18

frequently found in traumitized permanent teeth and in primary molars where the succedaneous tooth is congenitally missing

radiographically – loss of PDL space

Question 19

attachment levels - general and implication

Answer 19

teeth are connected to the alveolar bone by the attachment apparatus

if there is loss of attachment teeth become mobile and start flaring

clinically — development of diastemas and increasesd OVERJET

Question 20

frenal attachment can cause?

Answer 20

DIASTEMA - if thick fibrous LOW INSERTED – causing an anterior diestema

Question 21

an anterior diestema can be caused by

Answer 21

frenal attachment inserted LOW

thick fibrous low inserted frenum can cause this

Question 22

dental problems related to etiology

Answer 22

1. number of teeth
2. size of teeth
3. alterations in eruption
4. attachment levels
5. trauma – IMMEDIATE IMPACT

Question 23

mandibular or maxillary fractures can break?

Answer 23

break the occlusal plane

Question 24

condylar fracture can cause?

Answer 24

ankylosis or condyle loss

Question 25

if trauma occurs during growth - result?

Answer 25

an asymmetric growth can result

Question 26

systemic condition that causes defificent mandibualr growth

Answer 26

pierre robin syndrome

Question 27

deficient growth of cartilage caused by what ytemic?

Answer 27

achondroplasia shows a midface deficiency

Question 28

midface deficiency is seen with

Answer 28

achondroplasia systemic condition

Question 29

main components of functional problems

Answer 29

1. mastication 2. swallowing 3. breathing 4. abnormal muscle activiteis - tongue poture 5. habits - thumb sucking 6. mandibular posture 7. occlusal trauma

Question 30

soft diet implication

Answer 30

narrower arche

Question 31

biting force implication?

Answer 31

eruption -- excessive OB or anterior open bite tendency of infraerupted posterior teeth -- short clinical crowns

Question 32

when is tongue interpositoin normal

Answer 32

0-3 years old

Question 33

infantile swallowing pattern that stays persistent

Answer 33

after 6 years -- can alter shape and size of dental arches

Question 34

tongue thrusting results

Answer 34

when swallow -- it pushes forward every time patient swallows open bite tooth movement diastemas altered growth

Question 35

nasal breathing

Answer 35

contributes to middle face normal growth -- neumatization of paranasal sinuses

Question 36

adenoid faces | decribe

Answer 36

narrow - long face protruding teeth lips separated at rest dried lips constricted maxilla underdeveloped cheeckbones -- may appear flat signs of sleep apnea?

Question 37

mandibular posture on canine?

Answer 37

can cause pointy canines

Question 38

mandibular position shift?

Answer 38

shifts to the other side or forward to a more stable bite

Question 39

lateral mandibular shift ?

Answer 39

unilateral posterior crossbite limits transverse growth of Upper arch

Question 40

what type of malocclusion is most often associated with mouth breathing?

Answer 40

open bite

Question 41

dental problems lleading to malocclusion

Answer 41

``` 1. number of teeth 2, size of teeth 3. alterations in eruption 4. attachment levels 5. truama ```

Question 42

if congenitally missing in primary?

Answer 42

will be missing in permanent as well

Question 43

congentially missing teeth

Answer 43

3rd molars, 2nd pre molars, lateral incisors

Question 44

pre-mature exfoliation of c's?

Answer 44

if primary first molars pre-maturly are lost -- then can see a midline shift, space collapse for eruption of permanent and crowding

Question 45

anterior pre mature loss due to

Answer 45

size of erupting segments vs if posterior -- more likely due to decay

Question 46

pre-mature loss of d's or e's

Answer 46

see an alteration in molar relation and crowding lack of space for eruption of premolars or canines alterations of occlusal plane

Question 47

most frequent teeth involved with ectopic eruption

Answer 47

upper first molars, upper cuspids, and lower seconf bicuspuds

Question 48

most common tooth impactions

Answer 48

3rd molars upper canines lower second molars same as exctopic except 1st molar with etopics

Question 49

if tooth impacted - what do you do?

Answer 49

have to be extracted or surgically exposed too force the eruption with ortho devices an impacted tooth can cause root resorption of the neighboring teeth or develop a cyst do NOT leave them unattended

Question 50

large adenoid tissue masses?

Answer 50

create upper airway obstruction

Question 51

posture change?

Answer 51

hyper-extension -- head tips back slightly patient kay lower and prottrude tongue -- mouth opening to breather

Question 52

low tongue position and protrusion implications?

Answer 52

wider lower arch no transverse stimulus to U arch

Question 53

details on posture change

Answer 53

CLOCKWISE rotation and protrusion of mandible increased lower facial height persistent open mouth supereruption of posterior teeth skeletal open-bite --- long face syndrome

Question 54

lip trap

Answer 54

proclines upper incisors and retroclines lower incisors

Question 55

lack of labial tone

Answer 55

proclined incisors

Question 56

cheek biting

Answer 56

decrease tranverse dimension in both arches

Question 57

implications of thumb sucking

Answer 57

1. mouth opens slightly 2. finger interposition between dental arches 3. tongue is lowered 4. cheek - tongue balance is altered, highest pressure in CORNERS of mouth 5. annterior maxilla is pushed forward 6. hand rests on lower archg 7. varied patterns of position and duration 8. sucking -- NEGATIVE presure inside outh

Question 58

forward shift

Answer 58

anterior crossbite ``` pseudo class III skeletal class I* ``` limits sagital maxillary growth if not corrected -- skeletal class III

Question 59

implications of not correcting forward shift

Answer 59

skeletal class III