ARKY final

Question 1

What are the assumptions of science

Answer 1

There is a real and knowable universe.
* The universe operates according to
laws.
* The laws are immutable.
* The laws can be studied, revealed, and
understood.

Question 2

who is J. Allen Hyneck

Answer 2

American astronomer and UFO researcher, wrote many books on people experiences with ufo and encounters

Question 3

who is Carl Sagan

Answer 3

first met Drake in the early
1960s while working as a graduate student
at Berkeley. He was impressed by Drake’s
ideas about extraterrestrial life, and the two
would work closely together during their
careers.
he published the article Direct
Contact among Galactic Civilizations by
Relativistic Interstellar Spaceflight, using
scientific methods to explore ideas about
“ancient astronauts”.

Question 4

who is Giorgio Tsoukalos

Answer 4

Greek-Swiss author and television personality known for his promotion of ancient astronaut theories

Question 5

Who is Graham Hancock

Answer 5

British author and journalist known for his unconventional theories about ancient civilizations

Question 6

who is Isaac de la Peyrere

Answer 6

French theologian and author who proposed the pre-Adamite theory
-native of the new world must have reached its shores sometime after the flood and could therefore be traced to one of Noahs three son

Question 7

Plate Tectonics

Answer 7

Scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth’s lithosphere, disproved that idea that the continent of atlantis didn’t just fall into the sea overnight

Question 8

Induction

Answer 8

arguing from specific observations to generalities to form probable conclusion

Question 9

Acromegaly

Answer 9

Hormonal disorder that occurs when the pituitary gland produces excessive growth hormone

Question 10

Scientific Skepticism

Answer 10

Approach of questioning and evaluating claims based on scientific evidence

Question 11

Mastaba

Answer 11

Ancient Egyptian tomb with a rectangular base and sloping sides
for burals of richer egyptians

Question 12

Monumental Works

Answer 12

Large-scale structures or creations that have historical, cultural, or artistic significance

Question 13

Erich von Däniken

Answer 13

proposed that there was indisputable and copious archaeological support for his claim that extraterrestrial aliens had visited Earth in prehistory and had played a significant role in the development of humanity.

Question 14

Ignatius Donnelly

Answer 14

writer known for his theories about Atlantis and other ancient civilization
that atlantis was the mother culture
thought the global flood myth (noah ark) was inspired from atlantis

Question 15

John Major Jenkins

Answer 15

American author and researcher known for his work on the Maya calendar and 2012 phenomenon

Question 16

Jose de Acosta

Answer 16

Spanish Jesuit missionary and Agued that humans and animals came into the new world using the same route using a route between Eastern Asia and the western region of the new world. this did not contradict with the bible

Question 17

Augustus le Plongeon

Answer 17

Translated a maya Indian book troano codex with a alphabet that conected maya to ancient egyptians

Question 18

One in-person final exam, worth 15% of the final grade, will be given during the last class meeting on December 5. The closed-book exam will incorporate information from Frauds, Myths, and Mysteries (chapters 11 and 12) and related lecture material.

Question 19

Frank Drake

Answer 19

American astronomer and astrophysicist known for his work on the search for extraterrestrial intelligence
-creator of the drake equations, co-designed the Pioneer Plaque, the first physical message sent into space

Question 20

Enrico Fermi

Answer 20

Italian-American physicist known for his contributions to the development of nuclear energy and the Fermi paradox

Question 21

Giovanni da Verrazano

Answer 21

Italian explorer who was the first European to sail into New York Harbor

Question 22

Deduction

Answer 22

arguing from generalities to specifics to form certain conclusions

Question 23

Younger Dryas

Answer 23

Period of abrupt climate change that occurred around 12,900 to 11,700 years ago

Question 24

Diffusionism

Answer 24

the idea that civilization spread from a single”mother culture” to all other prehistoric global societies

Question 25

Convergence of Evidence

Answer 25

When multiple lines of evidence support the same conclusion or theory

Question 26

Temene

Answer 26

T-shaped 7-10-ton monolithic pillars cut from local limestone quarries and erected within circular compounds

Question 27

Pareidolia

Answer 27

Psychological phenomenon where the mind perceives a pattern or meaning in random or ambiguous stimuli

Question 28

Ziggurat

Answer 28

Ancient Mesopotamian temple tower with a stepped or terraced structure

Question 29

Food Production

Answer 29

Process of cultivating crops and raising animals for human consumption

Question 30

Haplogroups

Answer 30

Haplogroups

Question 31

Göbekli Tepe

Answer 31

megalithic monumental construction, construction began around 11,600 ya. carvings of animals, humanoid figures and features -built by hunter gathers, site hosted great feast

Question 32

Full Time Specialists

Answer 32

Individuals who dedicate their professional careers to a specific field or area of expertise, this usually develops after food surplus in civilizations, leaving individuals with more time to focus on specialized crafts.

Question 33

Catalhoyuk, Turkey

Answer 33

Is one of the oldest and largest complex settlements in the Neolithic, 18 different occupation levels of this site Commitment to an agricultural way of life Not considered a city

Question 34

what is the tallest man made thing

Answer 34

the great pyramid standing at 147m tall

Question 35

what is occams razor

Answer 35

suggest that the simplest explanations with the fewest assumptions is preferable

Question 36

what is the fermi paradox

Answer 36

is the discrepancy between the lack of conclusive evidence of advanced extraterrestrial life compared to the apparently high a priori likelihood of its existence

Question 37

what are the three hypotheses are found within von daniken work

Answer 37

1. around the globe there are ancient illustrations of aliens on earth 2. the biological evolution of humans cannot be understood unless we assume personal involvement of alien civilization 3) Some technologies, abilities, artifacts, and inventions are far too complex and advanced to have resulted from simple, prehistoric human intelligence and ingenuity.

Question 37

how did the ancient greeks believe the giza pyramids were built

Answer 37

slave labor

Question 38

what is the horny astronaut hypothesis

Answer 38

a few specially selected women would be fertilized by the astronauts. Thus, a new race would arise that skipped a stage in natural evolution

Question 39

how were the maya pyramids connect to symbolize

Answer 39

Witz or the hollow mountain deity

Question 40

why is the inkbot hypothesis difficult

Answer 40

untestable and relies on personal interpretations over those supported by local oral traditions and cultural symbolism

Question 41

why is the horny astronaut not true

Answer 41

Argues against human evolution is not biologically feasible and not supported by genetic data

Question 42

what does the our ancestors the dummies argue

Answer 42

discredits cultural and humans ingenuity to construct monuments and features that modern societies can only replicate through advanced technology. there is no reason that past societies could not through observations trial and error and lots of human effort build these impressive constructions

Question 43

what is the most fringe opinions associated with civilizations rely heavily on the concept of

Answer 43

diffusionism which is the idea that civilization spread from a single mother culture to all other prehistoric global societies

Question 44

what theory does archaeologist favor

Answer 44

Independent invention: being the idea that characteristics of civilization were developed independently within isolated societies based on there own unique cultural, social, and political trajectories

Question 45

what is Gobekli tepe

Answer 45

’s important because it shows that early humans came together to build complex structures, suggesting they had social and religious practices earlier than we thought

Question 46

what are the primary claims of graham hancock

Answer 46

more then 15,000 years ago there was a advanced civilization advanced civilization came into contact with the native people of india who lacked sophistication

Question 47

which archaeological sites are commonly linked to the alien theories

Answer 47

the chaco canyon, nazca lines, and pyramids of egypt

Question 48

who were key figures in popularizing the idea of atlantis as a real place

Answer 48

ignatuis donnelly and helena blavatsky