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SOCI 365: Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What is structural functionalism

A

views society as a set of interconnected elements that work together to preserve the stability and the well-being of society
- everything in society has a purpose therefor poverty and inequality has its purpose in society

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2
Q

What are manifest functions

A

the obvious and intended goals or effects of social structures and institutions
example: formal schooling is to provide student with the necessary skills and knowledge ad skills to work effectively in society

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3
Q

What is the latent functions?

A

Hidden, unstated, and unintentional consequences of activities in an organization
Example: bringing students together to make friends and relationships

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4
Q

What are the main social approaches

A
  • Structural functionalism
  • Conflict theory
  • Symbolic interactionism
  • Social constructionism
  • Feminism
  • Post-Modernism and Post-structuralism
  • Population health perspective
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5
Q

Who do conflict theory criticize

A

Functionalist sociologists for ignoring the inequality, conflict, and disagreement that exist among members of society

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6
Q

What is the difference between bourgeoisie and the proletariat

A

The bourgeoisie owns the means of production
The proletariat is the working class must sell there labor to the bourgeoisie in exchange for a living wage

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7
Q

What is symbolic interactionalism

A

Studies the ways people interpret and respond to the actions of other. Society and its problems are the products of continuous face to face interaction

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8
Q

What are classes

A

People who share common economic condition or interest

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9
Q

What is post modernism

A

a school of thought that denies the validity of universal, sweeping statements about the world or groups of people within the world, and analyzes the motives behind such statements and the consequences of people believing them

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10
Q

What post- structuralism two essential reasons

A
  • to help us think of new ways to solve old problems
  • to make finding the truth seem impossible
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11
Q

What is the population health perspectives

A

a broad approach to improve the health of society and to reduce health inequalities between social groups

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12
Q

What is class consciousness

A

An awareness of ones place in the social class structure, particularly as it relates to political class struggle

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13
Q

What is false consciousness

A

An acceptance of the discourse and values of the dominant class and thus a willingness to believe arguments that promote individualistic solution to problems

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14
Q

What is intergenerational income elasticity

A

the correlation between a parents and a childs income where higher scores indicate that mobility is less common

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15
Q

What is absolute poverty in relation to relative poverty

A

Absolute poverty: doesn’t have basic requirements to survive ( food, shelter)
Relative poverty: can survive but there living standards are far below the general living standards of society

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16
Q

What are research using measures of low income and poverty, and what does this show in regards to seniors?

A
  • Low income Measure (LIM)
  • Low income Cut-Offs (LICO)
    Shows that in Canada seniors have the lowest poverty rates among all OECD countries
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17
Q

What does the poverty line respond to?

A

the poverty line is elastic, and responds to changes in real income and to the success of advocates fighting to increase social welfare

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18
Q

What is the Market basket Measure (MBM)

A

Purpose is to define and measure poverty in absolute, non- relative terms
- it is based on the income that is needed to purchase a imaginary basket

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19
Q

What are the three areas of Human Development Index (HDI)

A
  • Life expectancy at birth
  • Literacy
  • GDP per capita
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20
Q

What areas have been rising in poverty?

A

Urban areas

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21
Q

What cities in Canada have the lowest and highest poverty rates

A

Quebec has the highest rates of poverty
Southern Ontario have the lowest

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22
Q

What do progressive welfare states have?

A

Are more financially equal

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23
Q

What are welfare states

A

social system in which government undertakes the responsibility of providing social and economic security to its citizens

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24
Q

What is the alienation in labor under capitalism

A

Distancing of the worker from other human beings as well as from the product and act of their labor

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25
What does structural functionalist argue in regards to poverty
that poverty and inequality serves important functions in society
26
What does conflict believe in regards to poverty
That by exploiting workers through poverty working conditions and poor pay owners amass more wealth for themselves
27
What does Symbolic interactionalism believe in regards to poverty
focuses on labels like "poor" and "lazy" or "wealthy" and "egotistical"
28
What does relative income hypothesis proposes
that income inequality alone is enough to bring on various health problems
29
What is Canadian society described as?
Vertical mosaic which is were english and french canadians live at the top and everyone else lives at the bottom
30
What is entrance status
the occupational status a group enters when it first immigrates to Canada
31
What is institutional completeness?
A measure of the degree to which an immigrant ethnic group gives its own members the services they need through their own local institutions
32
What does diaspora mean
The global spread of migrants of any ethnic group and their culture
33
What does prejudice mean
A hostile or aversive attitude toward a person because of their membership in a particular group
34
Who experiences lower than average employment and pay rates in most regions of Canada
Minorities
35
What is internalized racism
The most destructive form of racism, where members of an racial group accepting and sometimes behaving according to imposed stereotypes
36
What MBM measure?
Measure of poverty with absolute measure
36
What does longitudinal analysis
An observational method in which data are gathered for the same subjects over a period of time
36
What does senescence mean
The individuals mental and physical abilities gradually improve then decline with age
37
What is disengagement theory
That as people age they voluntarily and normally remove themselves from activities and social contact
38
What does intragenerational mobility mean
Mobility between labour markets positions within individual careers
39
What does primogeniture mean
Where the oldest son inherits all the family property on the death of his parents
40
What is filial responsibility
the moral responsibility of a grown child to look after their aging parent
41
What is the "sandwich generation"
Middle aged adults caring for both there older parents and their own young children
42
What is the suffrage movement
the effort to gain the right for women to vote in elections
43
What is gender inequality
Is any difference between men and women in gain access towards societal rewards
44
What is the glass ceiling
The metaphor that describes the situation of of many women having considerable success in the workplace but very few reaching the topmost positions because of structural barriers to advancements
45
What is the feminization of poverty
a concept expressing the fact that women are over represented among the impoverished populations of the world.
46
What is the quid pro quo sexual harassment
The blatant demand by employers for sexual favours in exchange for promotion opportunities, salary increases, and preferential treatment
47
What have manufacturing jobs been replaced with
lower paying part time service sector jobs (women of color)
48
What is sexual identity
how a person perceives their sexual self (gay, bi, queer)
49
What is sexual orientation
ones sexual attraction to people of a specific sex
50
What is heterosexism
Discrimination against homosexuals in favour of normalizing heterosexuality
51
What is medical sociology
Involves the social factors that promote illness and contribute to health inequalities
52
What is biomedical view of medicine
This medical perspective stresses western scientific principles and defines health as the absence of illness. According to this perspective the human body is a machine that sometimes needs repair and calls for the use of therapeutic intervention to cure disease and injury
53
Define biopsycholosocial view of health and illness
a medical perspective that considers health and disease as a product of the interaction body, mind, and environment
54
What is a epidemiology
Is an applied science that examines the causes, distribution and control of disease in a population
55
What is maternal mortality rate
the number of deaths of women due to complications during pregnancy, childbirth, or abortions, measured as deaths per year per 1000 live birth
56
What is co-morbidity
the susceptibility of an individual with an illness additional health problems
57
What are social determinants of health
the complex causal relationships between various social, economic, and political factors and population health outcomes
58
What is primary prevention
proactive steps taken to prevent a disease from occurring
59
What are social causation
common social factors are related to social determinants of health that produce widespread health problems
60
What does ascribed status mean
are social statuses assigned to people or groups because of certain traits beyond their control and without regard for there achieved merit
61
What are achieved statuses
are social statuses achieved or accomplished by the individual
62
What is intragenerational occupational mobility
changes in someone's occupational mobility throughout the course of their lifetime
63
What is segmented labour market theory
that the labor market is stratified and that entry and upward mobility are difficult for people with only a highschool education
64
What is human capital theory
proposes a linear relationship between education and job attainment more education people better jobs
65
What is signalling theory
symbolic meanings attached to different attainments on a persons resume, the employers decoding of signals in assessing the potential worth and trainability of a young person
66
What are primary labour market compared to secondary labour market
High paying jobs that provide a good chances to get ahead and that offers job security Compared to secondary were it is high turnover and unstable and very little chance to get ahead
67
What is intergenerational elasiticity
Elasticity, an economic term, is the degree to which changing one variable changes another. A low intergenerational income elasticity (as in Denmark) means that social class is less persistent and more amenable to change from one generation to the next
68
What is meritocracy
the holding of power or authority by people selected because of their ability
69
What does credentialism mean
A process of social selection that gives class advantage and social status to people who possess academic advantage
70
Define credential inflation
The tendency of schools to provide and employers to demand evermore schooling and ever higher credentials for work that hasnt become more demanding or complex
71
Define professionalization
the process by which an occupations raises its standing by limiting the number of entrants and regulating their behaviour
72
Define overeducation
means of having more education than needed to carry out a particular job
73
What is the difference between dropout, pullout, and pushout
Dropout: focuses on students who find themselves unable to cope intellectually Pullout: are class based and focuses on school and students who withdraw from schooling because of financial trouble Pushout: focus on the school and community as contextual factors highschool dropout rates
74
What is immutability
the belief that under no circumstances can one change homosexuality
75
What is the belief of fundamentality
the belief that homosexuality is central to a persons entire character
76
What are social consequences of homophobia
- Same sex families - Harrassment and hate crimes - sexual assault - workplace discrimination
77
What did bill c-250 implement
made it a crime in canada to spread hateful views about sexual orientation of another person
78

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