Arm and Forearm

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

Name the arm flexor muscles. How many?

Answer 13

Three muscles (BBC)

1. Biceps brachii (long and short head)
2. Brachialis
3. Coracobrachialis

Question 14

Name the only arm extensor (posterior) muscle? What innervates it?

Answer 14

Triceps brachii (long, lateral, and medial)

Radial nerve (in radial groove) innervates it

Question 15

Name the superficial flexor muscles of the forearm? How many?

What is their origin?

Answer 15

FOUR (P/F, P/F)

1. Pronater Teres
2. Flexor Carpi Radialis
3. Palmaris Longus
4. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin: Common flexor tendon at the medial epicondyle

Question 16

Which muscle is absent in about 25% of people and used in autografts? What type of muscle is it?

Answer 16

Palmaris Longus - Superficial Forearm Flexor muscle

Question 17

Name the only middle forearm flexor musle?

Name its OINA

Answer 17

Flexor digitorum superficialis (TRICKY, superficialis is middle here)

O: common flexor tendon and radius at extensive origin (medial epicondyle)

Ins: middle phalanges at digits 2-5

Inn: Median nerve

A: Flexes hand and joints at digits 2-5

Question 18

Latin Roots

1. Pollicis
2. Carpi
3. Digitorum

Answer 18

Pollicis = Thumb (thumbs up for politics)

Carpi = Wrist (Carpe Diem is risky)

Digitorum = Digit

Question 19

Name the deep forearm flexor muscles

Answer 19

THREE

1. Flexor pollicis longus
2. Flexor digitorum profundas
3. Pronater quadratus

Question 20

Name the superficial forearm extensor muscles

What are the common origin, innervation, and action

Answer 20

SIX

Origin: Common exterior tendon at lateral epicondyle

Inn: Radial nerve

Action: Mostly extends wrist and digits

1. Brachioradialis (Exception = NOT extensor, flexes forearm)
2. Extensor Carpi radius longus
3. Extensor Carpi radius brevis
4. Extensor digitorum
5. Extensor carpi ulnaris
6. Extensor digiti minimi

Question 21

Name the deep forearm extensor muscles

What are the common origins, innervations, and actions?

Answer 21

FIVE

1. Supinator (Exception - flex forearm from common tendon)
2. Extensor pollicis brevis
3. Extensor pollicis longus
4. Abductor pollicis longus
5. Extensor indicis

O: Radius, ulna, and interosseous membrane

Inn: Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve

A: Mostly thumb related

Question 22

What are the four major nerves of the upper extremity?

Answer 22

ALL from the ends of the brachial plexus

1. Musculocutaneous nerve
2. Radial nerve
3. Median nerve
4. Ulnar nerve

Question 23

Forearm Supination

Answer 23

Biceps brachii (Major effect)

Supinator

Question 24

Forearm Pronation

Answer 24

Pronator Teres

Pronator quadrates

Question 25

Forearm Flexion

Answer 25

Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis

Question 26

Arm Adduction

Answer 26

Coracobrachialis

Question 27

Arm Flexion

Answer 27

Coracobrachialis

Question 28

Arm Extension

Answer 28

Triceps brachii (Long head only)

Question 29

Forearm Extension

Answer 29

Triceps brachii (Long, Lateral, and Medial)

Question 30

Hand Flexion

Answer 30

Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor digitorum profundus

Question 31

Hand Extension

Answer 31

Extensor carpi radialis longus (at wrist) Extensor carpi radialis brevis (at wrist) Extensor digitorum (at wrist) Extensor carpi ulnaris (at wrist)

Question 32

Hand Abduction

Answer 32

Flexor carpi radialis Extensor carpi radialis longus (at wrist) Extensor carpi radialis brevis (at wrist)

Question 33

Hand Adduction

Answer 33

Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi ulnaris (at wrist)

Question 34

MP/PIP joint Flexion

Answer 34

Flexor digitorum superficialis (MP/PIP joints of digits 2-5) Flexor pollicis longus (MP/IP joints of thumb) Flexor digitorum profundus (MP/DIP joints of digits 2-5)

Question 35

Little Finger Extension

Answer 35

Extensor digiti minimi

Question 36

Thumb Abduction

Answer 36

Abductor pollicis longus

Question 37

Thumb Extension

Answer 37

Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus

Question 38

Index Finger Extension

Answer 38

Extensor indicis

Question 39

Digits 2-5 Extension

Answer 39

Extensor digitorum

Question 40

**Musculocutaneous nerve** 1. What does it become and where? 2. What does it pierce? 3. What does it innervate? 4. What action does it affect?

Answer 40

1. Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve at elbow 2. Pierces coracobrachialis 3. Innervates skin of **anter**olateral forearm & ALL **anterior** **arm** muscles 4. arm flexion & supination

Question 41

**Radial nerve** 1. What does it become and where? 2. What does it pierce? 3. What does it innervate? 4. What action does it affect?

Answer 41

1. posterior interosseous nerve (for deep forearm extensor muscles) 2. Pierces supinator 3. ALL **Posterior parts** (arm skin, arm muscles, forearm muscles 4. **Extension** and abduction mostly (forearm, wrist, digits)

Question 42

**Median Nerve** ## Footnote What does it become and where? What does it pierce? What does it innervate? What action does it affect?

Answer 42

1. anterior interosseous nerve (for the deep flexor muscles) 2. None 3. Almost ALL **Anterior Forearm** muscles (except flexor carpi ulnaris) 4. Flexion of hand/joints, Pronation of forearm

Question 43

**Ulnar nerve** ## Footnote What does it become and where? What does it pierce? What does it innervate? What action does it affect?

Answer 43

1. dorsal cutaneous branch (to medial dorsal hand/palm) 2. None 3. **2 nerves only**: flexor carpi **ulnar**is and flexor digitorum profundas (medial half). skin of palm/hand 4. Flexion of hand and joints

Question 44

Describe the branching of the axillary artery and where it changes names

Answer 44

Axillary to brachial @ teres major Brachial to radial/ulnar arteries at elbow Radial artery deep to brachioradialis muscle, next to flexor carpi radialis Ulnar artery deep to pronater muscle, next to ulnar nerve

Question 45

What two branches does the ulnar artery become?

Answer 45

anterior interosseus artery and posterior interosseous artery

Question 46

Describe the path of the superficial veins

Answer 46

Basilic venous system: Medial Cephalic venous system: Lateral Median cubital vein connects them

Question 47

What are the venae comitantes?

Answer 47

Deep veins that follow the deep arteries

Question 48

Cubital Fossa 1. Where is it? 2. Boundaries 3. Superficial structures 4. Deep structures

Answer 48

1. Triangular region in front of elbow 2. Lateral-Medial Line of Epicondytes, Brachioradialis (Lateral), Pronater Teres (Medial) 3. Bicipital Aponeurosis (white fibrous tissue), median cubital vein 4. Biceps **T**endon, Brachial **A**rtery, Median **N**erve (TAN)

Question 49

Anatomical Snuff Box 1. Where is it? 2. Boundaries, what innervates these? 3. Superficial structures 4. Deep structures

Answer 49

1. triangle shaped depression near thumb 2. Anterior: abductor pollicis longus/extensor pollicis brevis, Lateral: extensor pollicis longus, Floor: Scaphoid Bone: All muscles innervated by the **radial nerve** 3. radial nerve 4. radial artery

Question 50

Which nerve travels between the two heads of the pronater teres?

Answer 50

Median nerve

Question 51

Which nerve innervates the pronater quadratus

Answer 51

Anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve (deep flexor muscle)