Arousal Flashcards
(10 cards)
Which theory of arousal uses the formula P = f (D x H)
Drive Theory
Explain the Inverted U Theory of arousal
As arousal increases so does performance to an optimum point (usually moderate levels of arousal). Further increases in arousal can cause performance to deteriorate. Forming an inverted U shape on a graph.
Explain why the inverted U theory graph might look slightly different for a beginner compared to an expert performer
A beginner may perform better at lower levels of arousal with their peak performance at low / moderate levels of arousal on the graph. An expert may performer better at higher levels of arousal with a higher level of performance. This would mean the graph would still follow the inverted U shape but at different point on the graph.
Describe the Catastrophe Theory of Arousal
This is an adaption of inverted U theory. Performance would rise with arousal until a peak level but instead of a gradual decline in performance after this point there would be a sudden and dramatic reduction in performance which the performer will find hard to recover from.
What is believed to cause the dramatic decline in performance seen in Catastrophe Theory?
A combination of both high cognitive and somatic anxiety. The performer begins to cognitively worry and feel strong somatic changes from arousal - these interact causing the dramatic effects seen in performance.
What other factors could alter the appearance of the Inverted U Graph?
Experience - novice or expert
Personality - extrovert or introvert
The Task - gross or fine / complex or simple
Explain Drive Theory and dominant response.
Increased drive does not always improve performance. At higher levels of arousal less information is processed and the performer tends to focus on the dominant response - which for experts would normally be good technique / tactical choice but beginners may well choose the wrong option leading to poorer performance.
Explain the Zone of Optimal Functioning
Rather than an optimum point on a graph performers have an optimum arousal level that falls within a band.
Athlete A - low ZOF
Athlete B - moderate ZOF
Athlete C - high ZOF
Name some of the characteristics of athletes that are ‘in the zone’
Performance seems effortless
Performer feels supreme confidence and remains calm
Performer feels in control and totally focused on the activity
Describe Peak Flow - which can be experienced when you are ‘in the zone’
The ultimate intrinsic experience felt by athletes from a positive mental attitude, with supreme confidence, focus and efficiency.
