Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Third Year Second Semester > Art History Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Art History Midterm 2 Flashcards

(78 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Abolition

A

Images used to make the case against slavery
- Shift public opinion by showing what’s going on
Abolition was achieved
Fueled wealth of European nations – producers, movers, & consumers of goods
Creates markets for objects and goods previously unknown to European culture
Connect abolition of slavery and the era of modernist painting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Académie des Beaux-Arts (Royal Academy)/

Academic art/Academic tradition

A

Official training for artists

  • Model for many art academies
  • Notion of formal training in arts in one specific direction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Aesthetics

A

Set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Allegory/allegorical

A

Subject or elements of an artwork symbolizes deeper meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The Americas

A

Home of the First Nations/Native Americans + colonized and oppressed by European powers; centre for Galleon trade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Artistic license

A

Deviation from fact or form for artistic purposes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Atlantic rim

A

Between Europe and Americas - Becoming richest and most dynamic area during the global convergence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Aztec/Mexica

A

The indigenous people of Mexico

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

French Barbizon School

A

Part of realism movement - French painters of nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Baudelaire (Charles) - poet, critic

A

Criticized photography “would-be painter”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Berlin Blue/Prussian Blue

A

A synthetic dye invented in Germany in the early 18th century and imported to Japan by Dutch traders or via China

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

British Empire

A

England – a small island nation that comes to rule over the most impressive empire of all time – one quarter of the world’s land mass and population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Calotype

A

Early photographic process introduced in 1841 by William Henry Fox Talbot, using paper coated with silver iodide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Camera Obscura

A

Latin for “dark chamber”

Original knowledge of camera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cellulose acetate/nitrate

A

(Sicoid)
Old plastic would yellow, crack, highly flammable – cellulose acetate drastic improvement
Earliest – cellulose nitrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Centre/periphery

A
  • A dominant nation or kingdom with a shared language and religion (centre) that conquers and then exploits weaker territories on the periphery of the empire (periphery)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

chocolatero

A

Bottle vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The Civil War

A

War in the US due to differing ideals between the north and the south (slaves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

colonial/colonizing/colonization

A

Types of settlements & goals = differing relationships with indigenous populations
Small colonies situated on rivers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Columbian Exchange

A
  • Exchange of food, animals, plants to and from Americas – changed world’s diet globally
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Canadian Confederation

A

Canada becomes a nation - 1867

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

daguerreotype/Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre

A

Reduced exposure time, but only produce one image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Democratic/democracy

A

A part of Modernity: Political revolutions and new ideologies = democratic (democratic revolution)

  • Fights for rights and individual liberties around the Atlantic seaboard
  • A new kind of political community (the nation-state)
  • Nationalism (sense of hierarchy, one nation state is more important than others)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Dutch East/West India Company

A

East: Asia
West: Americas
Hudson seeking NW passage – employed by EAST India company

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Effigy mound
Effigy mound – shape or an animal | Serpent mound – Largest Effigy mound
26
"en plein air"
"at the moment"
27
ephemera
Record of a moment that has passed
28
Exotic/exoticizing
Talking about colonizing and exoticizing visions
29
First Nations (Canada)/Native American (US)
Indigenous people of North America
30
Free trade
Imposed by force - People wanted a piece of Japanese economy and culture - In 1853 Commodore Perry of the US Navy sailed into Tokyo Bay uninvited and demanded that the Japanese begin to trade with the US Connection – Prussian blue Imported by the Dutch before Japan opened their borders Packing paper – throwaway prints from Japan Artists from Europe receive prints from Japan
31
George Catlin (American artist)
Artist Paul Kane looked at
32
Gorget
Neck ornaments
33
Baron Georges-Eugène Haussmann
1853 and 1870 | Urban renewal program of new roads/boulevards (tasked by Napoleon III)
34
hierarchy of genres (subject matter, e.g.: history painting)
- History Painting – highbrow subjects taken from the classical tradition, the bible or allegories - Portraiture – focusing on capturing likeness, this genre was prestigious and lucrative, but less so than history painting - Genre Painting – scenes of everyday life, this genre included the human figure but ostensibly did not represent grand ideas (although many genre paintings had moralizing undertones) - Landscapes - Still Life Painting
35
high art/low art
Photography as “high” art | Completed after a court decision in 1862 that permitted photographs to be considered works of art
36
history painting
highbrow subjects taken from the classical tradition, the bible or allegories
37
imperial/imperializing/imperialism
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means
38
indigenous/settler
Native people vs. foreigners
39
Industry/industrialization
Art and Industry - Industrialization and Invention - The Rise of Photography - Photography Goes Global - The Image and Mechanical Reproduction
40
Industrial revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840
41
Jamestown
Virginia Colony - John Smith Leader
42
Japonisme
A French term that refers to the popularity and influence of Japanese art and design in western Europe in the nineteenth century following the forced reopening of trade of Japan in 1858
43
Mound effigy
Effigy mound – shape or an animal | Serpent mound – Largest Effigy mound
44
Lithography
A printing process that uses a flat stone or metal plate on which the image areas are worked using a greasy substance so that the ink will adhere to them by, while the non-image areas are made ink-repellent
45
"Long Nineteenth Century"
A period of major technological innovation Scientific advances in chemistry and optics chemistry “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration” – Edison
46
Manila Galleon Trade
For 250 years Galleon trade bridges east and west (early form of globalization) Manila – largest trade hub in the Orient
47
Middle Passage
The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were forcibly transported to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade
48
modernism/modernity
1. Political revolutions and new ideologies = democratic (democratic revolution) 2. The industrial revolution 3. The age of European dominance
49
Morning star (and evening star)
(Gorget significance)
50
Morningstar (and evening star)
- Severed head – Underworld finds fathers head to bring it up - Ornament – spear thrower - Eye pattern – Faces of certain hawks - Mace – Half read (Morningstar) half white (female deity, evening star)
51
Nadar
Photographer, journalist, bohemian | Nadar bought himself a big balloon to photograph Paris
52
Naked vs nude (Kenneth Clark's description)
To be naked – deprived of clothes (embarrassment) To be nude – no uncomfortable overtone (balanced, prosperous, confident body) - Classical
53
Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon I, successful during the French Revolution
54
Napoleon III
Transforms medieval Paris to urban centre
55
nation-state/nationalism
A new kind of political community (the nation-state) | Nationalism (sense of hierarchy, one nation state is more important than others)
56
New Amsterdam/New Netherland (capital)
New York used to be New Netherland, and used to be New Amsterdam (capital)
57
Northwest Passage
The Northwest Passage is the sea route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago
58
Old world/New world
Indigenous people vs modern world
59
the "Other"
Racial "other"
60
"painter of modern life"
Manet
61
personification
“Noble savage” – The Indian as a personification of America
62
The city of Paris
Cultural centre
63
Printmaking
The birth of modern printmaking and the explosion of nightlife culture (posters)
64
Plains of Abraham/Seven Years’ War
The fate of New France was decided on September 13, 1759, in Québec City, on the Plains of Abraham. This famous battle pitted French troops against English, with their respective Generals Louis‑Joseph de Montcalm and James Wolfe leading the charge.
65
Pocahontas (Rebecca Rolfe)
Engraving of Pocahontas by Simon van de Passe – dressed in English costume, with white lace cuffs and high collar, a pearl earring, and holding a white and gold ostrich feather fan. To make Pocahontas’ English transformation complete, her skin, hair, and eye colour have been significantly lightened
66
Powhatan (& John Smith)
John Smith – Captured by Powhatan (chief of maybe 30 tribes) - He gets away although he was supposed to be killed - Saved by Pocahontas
67
Realism/Pavilion of Realism
Realism rejects romanticism – away from dramatic lighting, away from allegory, etc. Exploration of French realism: working man as subject Pavilion of Realism – Alternative venue to show alternative art: hugely influential
68
French Revolution
1789
69
July Revolution
1830
70
June Days Uprising - 1848
An uprising staged by French workers from 22 to 26 June 1848 because little had changed since the French Revolution of 1789 (liberty)
71
Paris Commune - 1871
The Paris Commune was a revolutionary socialist government that controlled Paris from 18 March to 28 May 1871
72
Romanticism/Romantic movement
Powerful drama of human emotion: anger and passion, but also quiet passages of pleasure and joy - Remind of Baroque history (light/dark) revival of Baroque - Energetic, active paint Idealism - illusion of reality
73
Salon de Paris
Neo-Classicism A particularly pure form of classicism that emerged from about 1750 The Birth of Venus Angels Reminiscent of roman sculptures Ideals of academic art: careful modelling, silky brushwork, and mythological subject Antonio Canova’s Paolina Borghese as Venus Victorious is inspiration
74
Salon des Refusés
“Exhibition of Rejected or Refused Artworks” The Palais de l’Industrie, Paris 1863 To show paintings rejected by the jury of the Paris Salon, the official showcase of French art, or academic art
75
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
Unification of world zones Slavery common in wartime – subjugation of conquered peoples Not great source of labour – Europeans didn’t want to move - Some indentured servants - Slavery supposedly solved the problem Starting with prisoners of war, but devolved into kidnapping (rank, society played no part, aristocrats were captured and sold)
76
ukiyo-e (images of the floating world)
- Flat areas of colour | - Closely related photography (cropping etc.)
77
Woodlands (Mississippian culture)
What might be buried in a burial mound? – Gorget Shell found by the Gulf of Mexico Whelk shell
78
world zones
Unify during slave trade

Third Year Second Semester (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions