ARTERIES OF THE UPPER LIMB

Question 1

Subclavian artery origin

Answer 1

First part- Medial to Anterior scalene muscle

Second part- Behind Anterior scalene muscle and Subclavian vein

Third part-Lateral border of anterior scalene to outer border of 1st rib

Question 2

Subclavian artery First part togographical relationships

Answer 2

Anterior- Phrenic and vagus nerves

Inferior/Posterior-Suprapleural membrane, Pleura of Lung’s apex, Ansa subclavia, Right recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 3

Subclavian artery second part togographical relationships

Answer 3

Posterior/Inferior- Suprapleural membrane, Pleura Lung’s apex

Inferior- Lower trunk of brachial plexus

Question 4

Subclavian artery third part togographical relationships

Answer 4

Inferior-First rib, Lower trunk of brachial plexus

Palpable in supraclavicular triangle

Question 5

Subclavian artery branches

Answer 5

First part-Vertebral artery, Internal thoracic artery, Thyrocervical trunk

Second part- Costocervical trunk

Third part- Dorsal scapular artery

Question 6

Veterbral Artery

Answer 6

Transverse foramina of C6 – C1 vertebrae and Superior surface of posterior arch of C1 vertebra: Osteoarthritis, trauma, atherosclerosis

Question 7

Suboccipital triangle

Answer 7

Fractures, luxation, birth trauma, chiropratic treatment

Question 8

Foramen magnum

Answer 8

Cranial cavity, Basilar artery Posterior cerebral arteries Circle of Willis- Thrombosis

Supplies: Suboccipital muscles,Spinal cord, Medulla oblongata, Cerbellum, Pons

Question 9

INTERNAL THORACIC ARTERY

Answer 9

Arises opposite Thyrocervical trunk

Terminal branches Musculophrenic, Anterior intercostal arteries 7th –9th

Superior epigastric: Sternocostal trigone Rectus sheath Anastomoses with inferior epigastric (external iliac)

Supplies Pericardium (Pericardiacophrenic artery), Anterior mediastinum, Upper 9 intercostal spaces, Abdominal muscles, Thoracic diaphragm

Question 10

THYROCERVICAL TRUNK

Answer 10

Medial to anterior scalene muscle

Inferior thyroid- Posterior to Carotid sheath and Recurrent laryngeal nerves

Branch-Ascending cervical

Supplies- Thyroid Parathyroid glands, Prevertebral and Scalene muscles, Spinal cord

Question 11

Suprascapular + Transverse cervical

Answer 11

Posterior cervical triangle, Anterior to Anterior scalene Phrenic nerve

Question 12

Suprascapular

Answer 12

Above Superior transverse scapular ligament

Supplies Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus

Question 13

Transverse cervical

Answer 13

Supplies Trapezius and Muscles of posterior cervical triangle.

Question 14

BRANCHES OF SECOND PART COSTOCERVICAL TRUNK

Answer 14

Arches back above cervical pleura

Branches Superior intercostal Intercostal spaces 1st-2nd

Deep cervica-Spinal cord

Question 15

BRANCHES OF THIRD PART-DORSAL SCAPULAR

Answer 15

Variable origin-Along medial scapular border

Supplies Trapezius Rhomboids

Question 16

AXILLARY ARTERY

Answer 16

Lateral border of 1st rib Inferior border of teres major muscle

Surrounded by the cords of the brachial plexus

Divided into three parts by Pectoralis minor muscle

First part: Axillary vein Anteromedially

Second and Third part- Axillary vein and Medial

Question 17

AXILLARY ARTERY: BRANCHES OF FIRST PART

Answer 17

Superior thoracic- Along superior border of pectoralis minor

Supplies Intercostal spaces 1st-2nd and Serratus anterior

Question 18

AXILLARY ARTERY: BRANCHES OF SECOND PART

Answer 18

Thoracoacromial- At superior border of pectoralis minor
Pierces clavipectoral fascia

Cephalic vein, Lateral pectoral nerve

Branches-Pectoral Deltoid Acromial Clavicular

Lateral thoracic: Along lateral border of pectoralis minor, Long thoracic nerve
Supplies- Pectoral muscles, Serratus anterior, Mammary gland

Question 19

AXILLARY ARTERY: BRANCHES OF THIRD PART

Answer 19

Subscapular artery

Anterior circumflex humeral artery

Posterior circumflex humeral artery

Question 20

AXILLARY ARTERY: BRANCHES OF THIRD PART- SUBSCAPULAR ARTERY

Answer 20

Along lateral border of subscapularis muscle

Branches: Thoracodorsal artery-Thoracodorsal nerve

            Supplies   Latissimus dorsi and Serratus anterior

            Circumflex scapular

Question 21

Scapular anastomosis

Answer 21

Circumflex scapular artery

Suprascapular artery

Dorsal scapular artery

Question 22

SCAPULAR ANASTOMOSIS

Answer 22

Ligature of axillary artery medial to subscapular artery

Blood flow From Suprascapular to Circumflex scapular then to Subscapular

Scapular anastomosis- Prevents ischemia of upper limb

Question 23

Anterior circumflex humeral artery

Answer 23

Anterior to surgical neck of humerus

Question 24

Posterior circumflex humeral artery

Answer 24

Passes through quadrangular space together with axillary nerve

Question 25

AXILLARY ARTERY-BRANCHES OF THIRD PART

Answer 25

Suppl: Shoulder joint, Deltoid, Teres major, Teres minor Long and lateral heads of triceps brachii