Respiratory- Nasal Cavity/Larynx

Question 1

Nasal Cavity Blood Supply:

Septum

Answer 1

Sphenopalatine artery
Ethmoidal arteries (anterior / posterior)
Grater palatine artery
Superior labial (facial artery)

Question 2

Nasal Cavity Blood Supply:

Lateral Wall

Answer 2

Sphenopalatine artery
Ethmoidal arteries (anterior / posterior)
Grater palatine artery
Lateral nasal (facial artery)

Question 3

Kiesselbach’s area

Answer 3

Anastomotic area in the septum

Epistaxis associated with trauma

Question 4

Special sensory (Smell)

Answer 4

Olfactory nerve (epithelium of roof and superior nasal concha)

Question 5

General sensory

Answer 5

V1 -Anterior ethmoidal

V2 Infraorbital nerve,Grater palatine nerve, Nasopalatine nerve

Question 6

Paranasal air sinuses general sensory

Answer 6

V1- Frontal / Ethmoidal / Sphenoidal sinuses

V2- Maxillary sinus

Question 7

AUTONOMIC NERVE SUPPLY

Answer 7

Greater petrossal nerve (Intermedius / Facial)

Question 8

Parasympathetic fibers (preganglionic)+Deep petrossal nerve

Answer 8

Nerve of pterygoid canal

Question 9

Nerve of pterygoid canal

Answer 9

Pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 10

Postganglionic fibers

Answer 10

Palatine nerves (nasopalatine / greater / lesser palatine)
Pharyngeal
Orbital

Question 11

Palatine nerves (nasopalatine / greater / lesser palatine)

Answer 11

Nasal / palatine

Question 12

Pharyngeal nerve supplies

Answer 12

Pharyngeal

Question 13

Orbital nerves supplies

Answer 13

Sphenoidal / Ethmoidal

Question 14

Parasympathetic nerve supply

Answer 14

Secretomotor for Mucous glands (nasal, palatine, pharyngeal, sphenoidal, ethmoidal)

Question 15

Sympathetic fibers

Answer 15

Vasoconstrictor

Question 16

LARYNX

Answer 16

Behind the infrahyoid muscles and fasciae

Connected to hyoid bone by Thyrohyoid membrane

Question 17

Larynx Topographical relationships

Answer 17

Anterior to the pharynx
Between the neurovascular bundle of the neck
Surface projection-Below the hyoid bone

Question 18

CARTILAGES of Larynx

Answer 18

Hyaline-Thyroid Cricoid Most of arytenoids

Elastic-Epiglottis Corniculate Cuneiform Apex of arytenoids

Question 19

Rima glottidis

Answer 19

Intercartilaginous part- Between arytenoid cartilages

Intermembranous part- Between vocal folds

Question 20

Fibro-elastic membrane

Answer 20

Within the cartilage encasement

Sandwiched between Mucous membrane and Laryngeal muscles

Upper part Quadrangular membrane:
Free inferior border-Vestibular ligament
Superior border- Aryepiglotic ligament

Inferior part-Conus elasticus
Lateral cricothyroid ligaments

Question 21

Cricothyroid joints

Answer 21

Rotation of cricoid cartilage around a transverse axis

Changes in tension of vocal folds and ligaments

Question 22

Cricoarytenoid joints

Answer 22

Arytenoid cartilages rotate around a vertical axis

Vocal process swing:
Laterally Width of rima glottidis inreases
Medially Width of rima glottidis decreases

Question 23

Cricothyroid muscles

Answer 23

Stretch and tense the vocal folds and ligaments

The degree of tension determines the sound pitch (frequency)

Question 24

Thyroarytenoids

Answer 24

Main relaxers

Relaxation by shortening vocal folds and ligaments. Vocalis also involved in relaxation.

Question 25

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles

Answer 25

Only abductors of vocal folds Arytenoid cartilages Rotate medially Vocal processes Swing laterally Forced inspiration Pull arytenoids backward- Tense vocal folds

Question 26

Lateral cricoarytenoid muscles

Answer 26

Main adductors of vocal folds Arytenoid cartilages Rotate laterally Vocal processes Swing medially Whispering- Intercartilaginous part of rima glottidis remain opened

Question 27

Transverse arytenoid

Answer 27

Pull the arytenoid cartilages together Preparatory to Phonation

Question 28

Oblique arytenoids and Aryepiglottics

Answer 28

Sphincteric action-Prevents entrance of foreign bodies into laryngeal cavity

Question 29

Thyroepiglottic

Answer 29

Widen the laryngeal inlet