arthrology

Question 1

arthrology

Answer 1

science of joint structure

Question 2

joint

Answer 2

any point where two bones meet

Question 3

fibrous joints

Answer 3

connections by connective tissue

Question 4

types of fibrous joints

Answer 4

syndesmosis, suture, gomphosis

Question 5

syndesmosis

Answer 5

bones joined by a fibrous band. partially moveable

Question 6

example of fibrous joints

Answer 6

interosseous membrane

Question 7

sutures

Answer 7

fibrous joints between cranial bones

Question 8

coronal suture

Answer 8

separates frontal from parietal

Question 9

sagittal suture

Answer 9

separates left from right parietal bones

Question 10

lambdoidal suture

Answer 10

separates occipital from parietal bones

Question 11

squamosal suture

Answer 11

separates side of head (squamous portion of temporal bone) from temporal bone

Question 12

fontanelles

Answer 12

soft spot on babies head

Question 13

gomphosis

Answer 13

articulation between tooth root and alveolar process of jaw

Question 14

cartilaginous joints

Answer 14

connection between the bones by a piece of cartilage

Question 15

what are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 15

synchondrosis + symphysis

Question 16

synchondrosis

Answer 16

primary cartilaginous joints. bones united by a plate of hyaline cartilage

Question 17

types of synchondrosis joint

Answer 17

temporary + permanent

Question 18

temporary synchondrosis

Answer 18

joint between the epiphysis + diaphysis of long bones in a child

Question 19

permanent synchondrosis

Answer 19

any place a bone transitions directly to a cartilage

Question 20

symphysis

Answer 20

secondary cartilaginous joints. articular surfaces of articulating bones are covered by hyaline cartilage. strong/slightly moveable

Question 21

synovial joints

Answer 21

most common type of joint. space between articulating bones that is filled with synovial fluid. contain discs/meniscuc

Question 22

diarthrosis

Answer 22

freely moveable joints

Question 23

extrinsic

Answer 23

separate ligaments outside joint capsule

Question 24

intrinsic

Answer 24

thickening of the joint capsule inside of it

Question 25

fibrous membrane/layer

Answer 25

outer layer of dense connective tissue, continuous with the periosteum of bones involved in joint

Question 26

synovial membrane

Answer 26

thin inner membrane covering all non-cartilaginous surfaces

Question 27

synovial membrane layers

Answer 27

fibrous and cellular layers

Question 28

fibrous layer of synovial membrane

Answer 28

superficial. contains collagen fibers + fibroblasts + small blood vessels

Question 29

cellular layer of synovial membrane

Answer 29

deep. contains synoviocytes, blood vessels, + collagen fibers

Question 30

synoviocytes

Answer 30

contain type B and type A cells

Question 31

type B (fibroblastic/fibroblast-like synovial) cells

Answer 31

produce hyaluronic acid component of synovial fluid

Question 32

type A (macrophage-like synovial) cells

Answer 32

immediately next to synovial cavity. phagocytic

Question 33

synovial cavity

Answer 33

space between articulating bones that is filled with synovial fluid

Question 34

synovial fluid

Answer 34

viscous, gel-like fluid composed of hyaluronic acid + blood plasma

Question 35

synovial fluid function

Answer 35

lubrication, cushioning/protection, nourishment of articular cartilage

Question 36

articular discs (meniscus)

Answer 36

fibrocartilage pad located between articular surfaces

Question 37

bursa

Answer 37

synovial membrane sac filled with synovial fluid

Question 38

6 major types of synovial joints

Answer 38

ball + socket/spheroidal, condyloid/ellipsoidal, saddle/seller, planar/glide, hinge/ginglymus, pivot/trochoid

Question 39

ball + socket joint

Answer 39

multiaxial joint. spherical surface of one bone articulates with a cup shape in another

Question 40

condyloid joint

Answer 40

convex oval/egg shaped surface of one bone articulates with a concave oval surface of another. biaxial

Question 41

saddle joint

Answer 41

articulating surface has concave + convex regions. biaxial

Question 42

planar joint

Answer 42

articulating surfaces are nearly flat. multiaxial

Question 43

hinge joint

Answer 43

convex cylindrical surface of one bone articulates with concave cylindrical surface of another. uniaxial

Question 44

pivot joint

Answer 44

convex cylindrical surface of one bone articulates with concave cylindrical surface of another. uniaxial

Question 45

angular movements

Answer 45

movements with sagittal plane of the body (flexion/extension)

Question 46

sagittal plane

Answer 46

divides the human body into left and right

Question 47

coronal/frontal plane

Answer 47

divides the human body into anterior and posterior

Question 48

transverse plane

Answer 48

divides the human body into superior and inferior

Question 49

angular movements within coronal plane

Answer 49

abduction/adduction

Question 50

circular rotation movements

Answer 50

movement of a body part around its own axis (supination/pronation)

Question 51

circumduction movements

Answer 51

movement where the distal end of the segment moves in a circle while proximal end remains relatively fixed

Question 52

inversion movement

Answer 52

movement of the sole of the foot laterally

Question 53

eversion movement

Answer 53

movement of the sole of the foot medially

Question 54

elevation movement

Answer 54

movement of a body part upwards

Question 55

depression movement

Answer 55

movement of a body part downwards

Question 56

protraction movement

Answer 56

movement of a body part forward while parallel to a horizontal surface

Question 57

retraction movement

Answer 57

movement of a body part backward while parallel to a horizontal surface