syndesmology

Question 1

connective tissue functions

Answer 1

support/structure/protection and binds structures together

Question 2

ground substance

Answer 2

gel-like substance that fills space between cells + connective tissue fibers

Question 3

how does ground substance pass nutrients from blood supply to cells + wastes from cells to blood?

Answer 3

diffusion gradient through water associated with GAGs

Question 4

components of ground substance

Answer 4

glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, water

Question 5

glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

Answer 5

highly hydrophilic polysaccharides

Question 6

what is the most abundant + largest GAG?

Answer 6

hyaluronic acid

Question 7

proteoglycans

Answer 7

large protein molecules w/numerous sulfated GAGs

Question 8

glycoproteins

Answer 8

large globular proteins covalently bonded to large complex carbs

Question 9

fibers secreted by fibroblasts

Answer 9

collagen fibers, elastic fibers, reticular fibers

Question 10

collagen fibers

Answer 10

long fibers, most abundant, strong/resistant to shearing + tearing forces

Question 11

reticular fibers

Answer 11

flexible scaffolding inside organs. thin fibers made of type III collagen

Question 12

elastic fibers

Answer 12

thin fibers made of elastin. allows fro stretch + recoil

Question 13

fascia

Answer 13

connective tissue that supports + surrounds organs

Question 14

3 types of fascia

Answer 14

superficial, deep, visceral

Question 15

superficial fascia

Answer 15

makes up hypodermis. composed of loose connective tissue + adipose tissue. attaches skin to underlying structures

Question 16

deep fascia

Answer 16

slightly stretchable, can stiffen, richly innervated, poorly vascularized, contains lymph system

Question 17

intermuscular septa

Answer 17

bundles muscles together into compartments

Question 18

what layer of fascia is the intermuscular septa found in?

Answer 18

deep fascia layer

Question 19

visceral fascia

Answer 19

loose connective tissue surrounding organs

Question 20

what is another name for visceral fascia?

Answer 20

subserous fascia

Question 21

tendons

Answer 21

attach muscle to bone

Question 22

what are tendons formed from?

Answer 22

deep fascia connective tissue coverings

Question 23

sharpey’s/perforating fibers

Answer 23

tendon fibers that become incorporated into the outer layers of bone tissue

Question 24

tendon structure composition

Answer 24

mostly type 1 collagen, minimal ground substance, tenocytes, fibrocartilage

Question 25

tenocytes/tendinocytes

Answer 25

specialized elongated fibroblasts scattered in between collagen fibers

Question 26

what is bundled together to form tendons?

Answer 26

fascicles

Question 27

synovial sheath

Answer 27

modified epitendineum with 2 layers and a thin/viscous fluid in between. where tendon passes through synovial joint cavity

Question 28

ligaments

Answer 28

straps of dense regular connective tissue going from bone to bone

Question 29

ligaments organization/composition

Answer 29

type 1 collagen fibers, elastic fibers, reticular fibers, fibroblasts

Question 30

ligament function

Answer 30

holds bones together + stabilize bone joints

Question 31

cartilage

Answer 31

tough, durable form of supporting connective tissue

Question 32

cartilage characteristics

Answer 32

subject to compressive forces (weight bearing), ECM, enclosed perichondrium, no direct blood supply

Question 33

chondrocytes

Answer 33

maintain ECM in cartilage

Question 34

chondroblasts

Answer 34

manufacture ECM in cartilage

Question 35

perichondrium layers

Answer 35

fibrous layer + cellular layer

Question 36

fibrous layer

Answer 36

superficial. composed of dense irregular connective tissue, scattered fibroblasts, small blood vessels, nerve fibers, lymph vessels

Question 37

cellular layer

Answer 37

deep. contains fibroblasts + progenitor cells

Question 38

where is hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 38

nose cartilage, articular cartilage, costal cartilage, tracheal + bronchial rings, larynx

Question 39

what is the most prevalent type of cartilage?

Answer 39

hyaline cartilage

Question 40

hyaline cartilage composition

Answer 40

ground substance, type 2 collagen fibers

Question 41

where is elastic cartilage found?

Answer 41

epiglottis, ear, larynx, auditor tube

Question 42

elastic cartilage composition

Answer 42

chondrocytes, ground substance, elastic fibers, type II collagen fibers

Question 43

where is fibrocartilage found?

Answer 43

pubic symphysis, articular disks, annulus fibrosus of intervertebral disks

Question 44

what type of forces does fibrocartilage resist?

Answer 44

compressive + tensile

Question 45

fibrocartilage composition

Answer 45

ground substance, chondrocytes, fibroblasts, type 1 collagen, type 2 collagen