Arthrology of the Anterior Thorax and The Head (The Skull and Cranial Fossae)

Question 1

What is the joint classification of the costochondral joint?

Answer 1

Cartilagenous (amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis

Question 2

What ligaments are present at the first sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

Answer 2

No ligaments are present

Question 3

What is the classification of the second-seventh sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

Answer 3

Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

Question 4

Which of the sternocostal or sternochondral ligaments is unique to the second sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

Answer 4

The intra-articular ligament

Question 5

What is the classification of the sixth through the ninth interchondral joints?

Answer 5

Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

Question 6

What is the classification of the fifth-sixth or ninth-tenth interchondral joint?

Answer 6

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

Question 7

What is the appearance of the intersection of the coronal and sagittal sutures called?

Answer 7

The bregma

Question 8

What is the appearance of the intersection of the lambdoid and sagittal sutures called?

Answer 8

The lambda

Question 9

What is the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at the intersection of the frontal bone with both parietal bones?

Answer 9

The anterior fontanelle

Question 10

What is the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at the intersection of the occipital bone with both parietal bones?

Answer 10

The posterior fontanelle

Question 11

What is the glabella?

Answer 11

The elevation of bone over the frontal sinus between the orits

Question 12

What is the name given to the outline of the nasal cavity at the front of the skull?

Answer 12

Piriform aperture

Question 13

What is the name given to the alveolar jugum of the canine tooth in the maxilla?

Answer 13

Canine eminence

Question 14

What forms a bullet-like chin?

Answer 14

A large mental protuberance

Question 15

What forms an indented chin?

Answer 15

Well developed bilateral mental tubercles and a slight mental protuberance

Question 16

What is the tip of the external occipital protuberance called?

Answer 16

The inion

Question 17

What is the name of the linear elevation lateral to the external occipital protuberance?

Answer 17

Superior nuchal line

Question 18

What is the appearance of suture intersections just above the zygomatic arch called?

Answer 18

The pterion

Question 19

What is the appearance of suture intersections just above the mastoid process called?

Answer 19

The asterion

Question 20

What points on the skull are used to measure the skull size?

Answer 20

The nasion, vertex, inion, and gnathion

Question 21

What points on the skull are used to measure cranial vault capacity?

Answer 21

The nasion, vertex, and inion

Question 22

What is the appearance of the suture intersections over the hard palate called?

Answer 22

The cruciate or cruciform suture

Question 23

What is the posterior boundary of the anterior cranial fossa?

Answer 23

A line drawn along the lesser wing of the sphenoid, anterior clinoid processes, and sphenoidal jugum

Question 24

What passes through the cribriform plate?

Answer 24

Fila olfactoria of cranial nerve I, the olfactory nerve

Question 25

An emissary vein leaves the anterior cranial fossa via what opening?

Answer 25

Foramen cecum

Question 26

What is the posterior boundary of the middle cranial fossa?

Answer 26

Superior border of petrous part of temporal bone, posterior clinoid processes and dorsum sella of sphenoid bone

Question 27

What are the parts of the sella turcica?

Answer 27

Anterior clinoid processes, sphenoidal jugum, posterior clinoid processes, dorsum sella, and hypophysial fossa of sphenoid bone

Question 28

What forms the roof of the sella turcica?

Answer 28

Diaphragma sella

Question 29

What are the contents of the optic canal?

Answer 29

The optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

Question 30

What are the contents of the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 30

The ophthalmic veins, the oculomotor nerve, the trochlear nerve, the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, and the abducent nerve

Question 31

What is unique about the ophthalmic artery and veins?

Answer 31

Unlike other artery-vein combinations they will not share the same opening the ophthalmic artery is in the optic canal, ophthalmic veins are in the superior orbital fissure

Question 32

What are the contents of the foramen rotundum?

Answer 32

The maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve Vb)

Question 33

What are the contents of the foramen ovale?

Answer 33

The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (Vc) and the lesser petrosal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 34

What are the contents of the foramen spinosum?

Answer 34

The nervus spinosus from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve and the middle meningeal artery

Question 35

What forms the vidian nerve/nerve of the pterygoid canal?

Answer 35

The greater (superficial) petrosal nerve from the facial nerve and the deep petrosal nerve from the carotid sympathetic nerve plexus

Question 36

What are the contents of the hiatus for the lesser petrosal nerve?

Answer 36

The lesser petrosal nerve, a branch of the tympanic plexus from the glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 37

How will the lesser petrosal nerve typically exit the middle cranial fossa?

Answer 37

The foramen ovale

Question 38

What forms the roof of the posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 38

The tentorium cerebelli

Question 39

What part of the cerebrum occupies the posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 39

None; the tentorium cerebelli separates the cerebrum into a space above the posterior cranial fossa

Question 40

What are the contents of the internal acoustic meatus?

Answer 40

Cranial nerves VII (facial nerve) and VIII (vestibulocochlear/auditory nerve), the nervus intermedius/nerve of Wrisberg/sensory root of VII and the motor root of VII, the vestibular and cochlear roots of VIII, and the internal auditory/internal labyrinthine artery and vein

Question 41

What are the contents of the jugular foramen?

Answer 41

The jugular bulb, the inferior petrosal sinus, the tympanic body/tympanic glomus or jugular body/jugular glomus, cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), and XI (spinal accessory)

Question 42

What is the name of the venous expansion between the sigmoid dural venous sinus and the internal jugular veins?

Answer 42

The jugular bulb

Question 43

What is the function of the tympanic body/tympanic glomus?

Answer 43

A chemoreceptive organ which monitors hypoxia, hypercapnia and increases in the hydrogen ion