Arthropoda

Question 1

Hemocoel

Answer 1

Main body cavity of arthropods

Question 2

Similarities between Arthropods and Annelida

Answer 2

Metamerism (segmentation)

NS consisting of supraesophageal ganglia, nerves encircling the esophagus, and a ventral series of segmental ganglia

Question 3

Pygidium

Answer 3

Terminal/hind segment of body

Question 4

Chelicera

Answer 4

Pair of appendages in front of the mouth, usually modified as pincerlike claws

Question 5

Palps

Answer 5

Each of elongated segmented appendages near the mouth of an arthropod, usually concerned with the senses of touch and taste

Question 6

Argulus sp

Answer 6

Branchiuran fish louse
Reduced mouthparts (piercing “proboscis”)
Has suction cups to hold onto the host (ectoparasites)
2 prominent movable compound eyes are visible in head region
4 pairs of thoracic swimming legs
Feed by inserting digestive enzymes into body, then sucking out liquidized host
Symptoms: inflammation, skin ulcer, gill diseases
Treatments: Emamectin benzoate, dimilin, baths

Question 7

3 subphylums of Arthropoda

Answer 7

1. Crustacea (copepods, barnacles & relatives)
2. Chelicerata (ticks and mites)
3. Atelocerata (flies, bugs, lice, fleas)

Question 8

Micropredators

Answer 8

Temporary parasite
Can transmit disease and drink our blood
Do not stay on one host for their entire life
Specialized to find a capillary, specialized mouthparts, secrete anticoagulant and anaesthetic

Question 9

4 families in class copepoda

Answer 9

1. Family Lernaediae (anchor worms)
2. Family Ergasilidae (gill lice)
3. Family Caligidae (sea lice)
4. Family Pennellidae

Question 10

Difference between D. andersoni larva and nymphs

Answer 10

Larva have 3 pairs of legs, nymphs have 4

Question 11

Sarcoptes scabiei (lab)

Answer 11

Itch mite
Definitive host is humans, and wild/domesticated dogs and cats
Cause mange
Ectoparasites

Question 12

Demodex follicularum mite

Answer 12

Face mite
Humans are definitive hosts
When found in large number they cause demodicosis
Usually found in human hair follicle

Question 13

Uniramous appedanges vis biramous appendages

Answer 13

Uni: not branching, only 1 function (subphylum chelicerata)
Bi: branched with 2 functions (1 is locomotion, other is grooming, etc) - crustaceans

Question 14

Amblyomma americanum

Answer 14

Lone star tick
Diseases: Rocky Mountain Spotted fever, tularemia
3 hosts (larva, nymph, adult) - need 3 blood meals to develop to adult stage
All stages can feed on humans

Question 15

Rocky Mountain Spotted fever (agent, symptoms, treatment)

Answer 15

Agent: Ricketsia rickettsii
Symptoms: Rash resulting from the leakage of blood vessels, nausea, appetite-loss, fever, myalgia, headache
Treatment: Antibiotics (doxycyline)

Question 16

Tularemia

Answer 16

Agent: Francisella tularensis
Highly infectious
Symptoms: swollen lymph glands, skin ulcers, inflammation of eyes/throat, diarrhea
Treatment: Antibiotics (streptomycin, gentamycin, tetracyclines)

Question 17

Boophilus microplus

Answer 17

Different than Boophilus annalutus
Disease: Babesiosis, Anaplasmosis
Single host (3 blood meals)
Cattle is preferred host

Question 18

Dermacentor sp.

Answer 18

Disease: Rocky Mountain spotted fever, tularemia, tick paralysis
3 hosts (dogs are favorite of adults)
Posterior is pale in females

Question 19

Ixodes scapularis

Answer 19

Black-legged or Deer tick
Much smaller than Dermacentor
Disease: lyme, tick encephalitis
3 hosts (deer is preferred host of the adults)
Posterior end is dark in females

Question 20

Lyme disease (agent, symptoms, treatment)

Answer 20

Agent: Borrelia burgdorferi
Symptoms: Erythema migrans, pain in joints/limbs, fatigue, headache, neck pain
Treatments: Antibiotics (doxycycline)

Question 21

Tick-borne encephalitis (agent, symptoms, treatment)

Answer 21

Agent: virus of the family Flaviviridae
Symptoms: 1. Fever, anorexia, headaches, nausea/vomiting 2. Attack CNS
Treatment: Hospitalization and supportive care based on syndrome severity

Question 22

Tick-borne relapsing fever

agent, symptoms, treatment, long term after effects, carried by

Answer 22

Agent: spirochetes of the genus Borrelia
Symptoms: recurring episodes of fever, nausea, anorexia, headaches
Treatment: Antibiotics
Long-term after-effects: cardiac/renal disturbance, ophthlamia, abortion
Carried by: Ornithodoros turicata (soft tick)

Question 23

Hard vs soft ticks:

1. Capitulum
2. Shield
3. Life Cycle
4. Feeding

Answer 23

Hard ticks:
1. Apparent and easily identified from above
2. Dorsal shield of scutum of sclerotized cuticle
3. 3 distinct life stages: larva, nymph, adult
4. Feed only 1X in each stage (prior molting)
Soft Ticks:
1. Not apparent from above
2. No scutum
3. Several molts in nymph stage prior reaching adulthood
4. Feed several times in each life stage

Question 24

Pediculus humanus corpis

Answer 24

Body louse
More elongate than Phthirus
Head bearing short antennae
Thorax with 3 pairs of legs
Oval abdomen
Wingless

Question 25

Phthirus pubis

Answer 25

Crab louse Thorax with 3 pairs of legs (first pair is slender compared to other 2 (which have single claws) Broad abdomen Wingless Female sometimes shows developing egg in body

Question 26

Haemotopinus suis

Answer 26

Swine and cattle louse Head, thorax and abdomen are dorso-ventrally flattened 3 pairs of strong legs each with a claw Antennae extended laterally from head - 5 segments Wingless Narrow, pointed hear with recessed stylets (adapted for sucking)

Question 27

Cimex lectularius

Answer 27

``` Human beg bug Dorso-ventrally flattened, somewhat oval, wingless Basic body plan: head, thorax, abdomen 3 pairs of jointed legs Single pair of antennae ```

Question 28

Pulex irritans

Answer 28

Flea- human head or body louse Bilaterally compressed body, stout clawed legs for jumping Haustellate or piercing/sucking mouthparts in adults 2 lateral ocelli or 2 simple eyes Short, 3 segmented antennae in groove on side of head Wingless Terminal area of male is modified with a pair of 2 segmented claspers

Question 29

Culex sp.

Answer 29

Mosquito Larva is long and narrow with more than one pair of subventral tufts Male has antennae with more bristles extending from the central axis of the organ Female only has a few bristles at each joint of the central axis

Question 30

Melophagus ovinus

Answer 30

The sheep ked - fly that doesnt fly!

Question 31

Notoedres cati

Answer 31

Suborder Astigmata Primary cause of mange in cats (face mange or notoedric mange) Infection begins at tips of ears and progresses over face and then to body

Question 32

Sarcoptes scabiei (lecture)

Answer 32

Scabies mites Transmission occurs by contact - highly contagious Mites burrow into the upper layer of the skin to deposit eggs Larvae escape the tunnel, wander on the skin, and start new burrows (use ink to see)

Question 33

Sarcoptes scabiei symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Answer 33

Symptoms: rash, scabies hitch (nocturnal), septic pustules Diagnosis: ink on skin, microscopic examination of skin scraping Treatment: Scabicide applied to before bed to whole body (Permethrin cream), also Ivermectin and sulphur preperations

Question 34

Norwegian scabies

Answer 34

Same as sarcoptes scabiei but much worse

Question 35

Demodex spp | suborder, 2 species

Answer 35

Suborder Prostigmata Infects many species of mammals, high degree of host specificity 1. D. folliculorum (hair follicules) 2. D. brevis (sebaceous glands)

Question 36

Demodex canis

Answer 36

Dog follicle mites Causess: red mange Symptoms: severe skin problems, loss of hair, skin rashes In severe cases, infected dogs must be euthanized

Question 37

Trombicula spp

Answer 37

Family Trombiculidae (chiggers) Live in grassy areas Larval stage is parasitic Chew on our skin (attach to pore or hair follicle, inject salivary secretion with digestive enzymes, injest skin cells) Saliva causes severe itching, swelling, fever Transovarial transmission occurs

Question 38

Transovarial transmission

Answer 38

If the mother is infected, then the offspring will be too