Quiz 2

Question 1

What is the Lifespan of Enterobius vermicularis?

Answer 1

One month

Question 2

What are the two treatments of Enterobius vermicularis?

Answer 2

Mebendazole

Pyrental Pamoate

Question 3

What drug is E. multilocularis resistant to?

Answer 3

Praziquantel

Question 4

What is the longest tapeworm in man called? Give Latin and common name

Answer 4

Diphyllobothrium latum

Fish or broad tapeworm

Question 5

What is the difference between polyzoic and monozoic?

Answer 5

Polyzoic worms’ bodies are a chain of independent proglottids while monodic worms only consist of one proglottid.

Question 6

What are the immature forms of Eucestoda called?

Answer 6

Metacestodes

Question 7

What is one medication that is effective for all Flukes?

Answer 7

Praziquantel or Albendazole

Question 8

What are the life cycle stages of Plathyhelminthes in order (list 6)?

Answer 8

1. Egg
2. Miracidia
3. Sporocyst
4. Redia
5. Cercaria
6. Metacercaria

Question 9

What is usually the intermediate host of a Plathyhelminthes?

Answer 9

A mollusk (snail)

Question 10

What is the name of the parasitic nematode that lives in approximately one third of Americans and emerges from the anus at night to lay eggs in the perianal area?

Answer 10

Enterobius vermicularis

Question 11

What is the name of the treatment for Trichuris trichiura, the whipworm?

Answer 11

Medendazole

Question 12

Briefly explain what is meant by the term “traumatic insemination”.

Answer 12

Male injects sperm at any part of the body

Question 13

Name one nematode infection that can be treated with Pyrentel Pamoate.

Answer 13

Enterobius vermicularis

Question 14

What are some symptoms of heartworm in dogs?

Answer 14

Inflammation and thickening of the heart result in symptoms such as respiratory insufficiency, chronic cough, and vomitting

Question 15

What is the medication used to treat heartworm in dogs?

Answer 15

Chemoprophylactic agents – Immiticide

Question 16

Eating what contaminated aquatic vegetable can lead to an infection of Fasciolopsis buski, the Giant Intestinal Fluke?

Answer 16

Water chesnut

Question 17

In the case of the Eucestoda, in which case would a human host be better off: as an intermediate host, or as a definitive host? Why?

Answer 17

Definitive host. Having the juveniles is much worse because they cause a lot more damage by migrating throughout the body

Question 18

What is the species name of the pork tapeworm? What is the species name of the beef tapeworm? Name one way to distinguish between the two.

Answer 18

Taenia solium (globular scolex with 4 suckers and circular row of hooks, slightly smaller)
Taenia saginata (pear shaped scolex with 4 suckers and no hooks or neck)

Question 19

Name a medication used to treat Cysticercosis.

Answer 19

Praziquantel

Question 20

Name a way in which one can become infected by Diphyllobothrium latum, the fish/broad tapeworm?

Answer 20

Eating raw or improperly cooked fresh water fish

Question 21

What type of symmetry do nematodes have?

Answer 21

Bilateral

Question 22

True or false: Some nematodes have flagella and/or cilia.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

What are the three classes of Platyhelminthes we discussed in class

Answer 23

1. Trematoda = Digena
2. Monogenea
3. Cestoda

Question 24

What species of the class Monogenea infects freshwater Atlantic salmon?

Answer 24

Gyrodactylus salaris

Question 25

What is the infective stage of T. solium or T. saginata?

Answer 25

Cysticerci

Question 26

How is Trichinella spiralis transmitted? and in what species is found in?

Answer 26

Found in many species of carnivores and omnivores (pigs, rats, humans) Transmitted by eating infective larva in raw or undercooked meat

Question 27

What is the treatment and control of Trichuris trichiura?

Answer 27

Mebendazole | Improved hygiene and sanitary eating habits

Question 28

Why can the infection caused by Ancylostoma adults be prolonged?

Answer 28

Dormant larvae can be recruited sequentially from stores over many years to replace expiring adult worms

Question 29

Which life cycle that we studied has an infective stage of cercaria (give genus)?

Answer 29

Schistosoma

Question 30

Where do the adult Paragonimus westermani habitat in the human?

Answer 30

Lungs

Question 31

Which is the host for Opisthorchis viverini?

Answer 31

Dogs

Question 32

Which forms are free living for Digene Larvae?

Answer 32

Miracidia, Cercaria

Question 33

What is Schistosoma’s main habitat?

Answer 33

Veins of the abdominal cavity

Question 34

What is the definitive host of Polystoma intergerrimum?

Answer 34

Frog

Question 35

Which subclass of Cestodia are considered the true tapeworms?

Answer 35

Eucestoda

Question 36

When a human becomes infected by T. solium, what disease does it cause?

Answer 36

Cysticercosis

Question 37

The pinworm has how many hosts in its lifecycle?

Answer 37

One

Question 38

Define 2 of monostome, amphystome, and distome.

Answer 38

Monostome: has only oral sucker Amphystome: has oral sucker and acetabulum at the posterior end of the body Distome: oral sucker and acetabulum is elsewhere on the ventral surface of the body

Question 39

List 2 parasites that can be treated with praziquantel. (Latin names)

Answer 39

Clonorchis sinensis, Paragonimus westermani, Fasciolopsis buski, T. solium and T. saginata, Diphyllobothrium latum

Question 40

How do schistosomes get into the human host?

Answer 40

Penetrate skin

Question 41

What is the treatment for Gyrodactylus salaris?

Answer 41

Rotenone or dosing small volumes of aqueous Al and sulphuric acid into the river

Question 42

How many suckers do the Taenia tapeworms have?

Answer 42

4

Question 43

What does ovoviviparous mean?

Answer 43

The parasite would lay eggs, but the eggs hatch inside the female, and the female gives birth to live offspring.

Question 44

List three biological features characteristic of Phylum Platyhelminthes’s absence of body cavity

Answer 44

1. Gut is highly branched 2. Respire by diffusion 3. Flattened shape necessary

Question 45

Contrast reproduction between Monogenea and Trematoda

Answer 45

Monogenea have direct life cycles with no asexual reproduction (unlike the Digenea)

Question 46

Which class of Platyhelminthes is the most common/ abundant parasitic form found within vertebrates?

Answer 46

Trematoda

Question 47

Why is Schistosoma sp. unusual among the trematodes?

Answer 47

Separate sexes, live in blood vessels of the definitive host, and no second intermediate hosts in their life cycles

Question 48

What are 3 species of Schistosoma and where their eggs are found?

Answer 48

S. mansoni (feces) S. japonicum (feces) S. haematobium (urine)

Question 49

Describe the 3 types of suckers found in tremadotes?

Answer 49

Monostome, amphystome, distome

Question 50

What is the definitive host of Fasciola hepatica?

Answer 50

Sheep or cattle (herbivores). Can be humans too.

Question 51

What is the larval stage of monegena worms that is responsible for transmission from host to host?

Answer 51

Oncomiracidium

Question 52

What is a prohaptor?

Answer 52

An attachement organ used for feeding

Question 53

What is the treatment for elephantiasis?

Answer 53

Diethlycarbamazine (kills worm or sterilizes female) Steroids (alleviate inflammatory symptoms) Cooler climate reduces inflammatory reaction

Question 54

What worm is responsible for causing massive infantile Trichuirasis and how is it treated? (Give species name).

Answer 54

Trichuris trichiura | Mebendazole

Question 55

Which ventricle does the dog parasite Dirofilaria immitis infect - right or left.

Answer 55

Right

Question 56

Name one of the two parasites that are capable of producing dormant larvae in the host which can then inhabit the mammary glands and be passed to breastfeeding babies.

Answer 56

Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale

Question 57

Give the name (genus and species) of the threadworm that has both a life cycle within the host and a free living life cycle.

Answer 57

Strongyloides stercoralis

Question 58

For soil-born nematodes such as Necator, Ancylostoma, and Strongyloides, which developmental stage is the infective one?

Answer 58

Filariform larvae

Question 59

Which drug used to treat Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) is the most effective?

Answer 59

Pyrental Pamoate

Question 60

For Plathyhelminthes that lay eggs, which larval stage is responsible for transmission from host to host?

Answer 60

Oncomiracidium

Question 61

Where does mature Fasciola hepatica reside inside the host?

Answer 61

Bile duct

Question 62

Where on the fish can Diplozoon paradoxum be found?

Answer 62

On the gills

Question 63

What are the 3 body parts of the tapeworms?

Answer 63

Scolex, Neck, Strobila

Question 64

What are two morphological features of Nematoda?

Answer 64

Mouth and anus, bilaterally symmetrical

Question 65

Name one parasite that causes elephantiasis (Latin name).

Answer 65

Brugia malayi or Wuchereria bancrofti

Question 66

What worm can mebendazole be used to treat (Give one Latin name)?

Answer 66

Echinococcus granulosus

Question 67

Which worms mate by traumatic insemination (Latin name)

Answer 67

Enterobius vermicularis

Question 68

In reference to Strongyloides stercoralis, is the parasitic or free-living worm larger?

Answer 68

Parasitic female

Question 69

How does the Wuchereia bancrofti cause progressive lymphadenitis?

Answer 69

Due to an inflammatory response to the parasite lodged in the lymphatic channels and tissues

Question 70

What parasite causes River Blindness?

Answer 70

Onchocerca volvulus

Question 71

How does Onchocerca volvulus cause blindness?

Answer 71

Microfilariae die and their decomposing bodies produce toxins that eventually cause blindness

Question 72

What is the common name of Strongyloides stercoralis? Name a disease it can cause in humans.

Answer 72

Threadworm Cochin-china diarrhea

Question 73

How is an infection by Dioctophyme renale treated?

Answer 73

Surgical removal

Question 74

How do flatworms expel waste?

Answer 74

Through their pharyngeal opening since they have no anus

Question 75

Name one reason that flat worms are flat.

Answer 75

Because they must respire by diffusion so no cell can be too far from the outside

Question 76

What steps have been taken to help eradicate Elephantiasis?

Answer 76

Free antibiotics given

Question 77

What is the drug of choice for dwarf tapeworms?

Answer 77

Nicolsamide

Question 78

What is the species of the smallest tapeworm?

Answer 78

Echinococcus granulosus

Question 79

Where are cysts from Echinococcus granulosus found?

Answer 79

Liver, lungs, bones and sometimes brain

Question 80

What does the body cavity of roundworms contain?

Answer 80

Excretory system, Digestive system, and reproductive systems | Pseudocoel

Question 81

What are the two species that are called threadworms?

Answer 81

Strongyloides stercoralis and Enterobius vermicularis

Question 82

What is the Latin and common name of the fiery serpent of Israelites?

Answer 82

Dracunculus medinensis Guinea worm

Question 83

What is the name of the symptom characterized by swelling of any organ of tissue due to the accumulation of excess lymph fluid, without an increase of the number of cells in the affected tissue?

Answer 83

Edema

Question 84

The thin bodies of flatworms allow respiration by which method?

Answer 84

Diffusion

Question 85

What is the name for the individual independent reproductive units of tapeworms?

Answer 85

Gravid proglottids

Question 86

How is the infective stage of Taenia solium transmitted to humans?

Answer 86

Humans infected by eating raw or undercooked meat

Question 87

What is the latin name of the whipworm? How many plugs does its egg possess?

Answer 87

Trichuris trichiura. 2 plugs

Question 88

Why can you not pull out the guinea worm from a human's body all at once?

Answer 88

You need to pull it out without breaking it - if you damage the worm all the chemicals will be released and cause inflammation, etc

Question 89

Dioctophyme renale is also known as___

Answer 89

Giant Kidney Worm

Question 90

What do the larvae of Trichinella spirals look like in tissue?

Answer 90

Coiled in a lemon shaped capsule

Question 91

Where in the body do Ascaris adult worms live?

Answer 91

Lumen of the small intestine

Question 92

What kinds of drugs can be used to treat Ascaris lumbricoides?

Answer 92

Ascaricides Mebendazole, nitazoxanide and ivermectin

Question 93

How many Trematoda worms are non-parasitic?

Answer 93

None!

Question 94

What stage of development does Trematoda worms parasitize a definitive host?

Answer 94

Adults

Question 95

Define a hermaphrodite.

Answer 95

Have both female and male reproductive systems at different points at life (male usually first)

Question 96

Schistosoma spp. are dioecious. What does this mean?

Answer 96

2 separate sexes

Question 97

Where do Schistosoma sp. reside in the human body?

Answer 97

In the veins of the abdominal cavity

Question 98

How do Schistosoma eggs exit the infected host?

Answer 98

In the feces or urine depending on the species

Question 99

Name two reservoirs of the Chinese liver fluke.

Answer 99

Dogs, cats, pigs, rodents, etc

Question 100

What is the phylum of Monogenea?

Answer 100

Platyhelminthes

Question 101

Ascites

Answer 101

In Fasciolopis buski | Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity