Euglenozoa

Question 1

Trypanosoma lewisi

Answer 1

Typical trypomastigote form
Undulating membrane may not be visible
Blood parasite
Non-pathogenic
Rate is definitive host

Question 2

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

Answer 2

Long and slender, can be broad and short if no flagella
Typical trypomastigote form in vertebrate host, and epimastigote form in insect host
Blood parasite
Causes: trypanosomiasis, African sleeping sickness
Human is definitive host
Tsetse fly vector
Life cycle: procyclic trypomastigotes –> epimastigotes –> metacyclic trypomastigotes –> trypomastigotes

Question 3

Leishmania donovani

Answer 3

Amastigote form in vertebrate host, promastigote form in insect
Causes: Kala-azar/dum-dum fever/visceral lesihmaniasis
Humans and dogs are definitive host
Infect the liver and spleen
Sandfly vector
Promastigotes –> amastigotes

Question 4

Leishmania tropica

Answer 4

Promastigote when grown in culture and in insect (gut of sand fly) but amastigote in vertebrate host
Causes: dermal leishmaniasis/Oriental sore
Humans and dogs are definitive host
Inhabits the dermal layer of skin

Question 5

2 Characteristics to distinguish between Leishmania promastigote and Trypanosoma trypomastigote

Answer 5

1. Trypanosoma will have undulating membrane
2. Trypanosoma will have longer bodies with shorter flagella
   Also: promastigote has KP b/w anterior and nucleus, trypomastigote has it b/w posterior and nucleus

Question 6

How will you know the nucleus from the kinetoplast in Leishmania amastigote?
In which host is the amastigote found?

Answer 6

Nucleus is larger and more round (KP is small and rod shaped)
Found in the definitive host (humans)