Arthropoda Introduction + Diptera- Nuisance Flies

Question 1

Insects make up __% of all known animal species.

Answer 1

75%

Question 2

Which mite/mange is common in all dogs?

Answer 2

demodectic mite/mange

Question 3

What is the function of the chitinous exoskeleton?

Answer 3

protection & anchoring of body parts

Question 4

Molting is controlled by ____.

Answer 4

hormones

Question 5

What are some characteristics of the class Insecta?

Answer 5

Body includes: head, thorax, and abdomen
3 pairs of legs
1 pair of antennae
Wings are usually present

Question 6

What are some characteristics of the class Arachnida?

Answer 6

Body inclues: cephalothorax & abdomen
4 pairs of legs
No antennae (palps look similar)
No wings

Question 7

What causes an allergic reaction after an insect bite?

Answer 7

Proteins in the insect’s saliva

Question 8

Insects are mostly ____parasites, but there are some ___parasites

Answer 8

ectoparasites; endoparasites

ecto (outside) endo (inside)

Question 9

What are the 4 different feeding patterns to which the mouthparts are adapted?

https://youtu.be/L6l_DKz6lWM?si=3llsnC4HHrG14A31

Answer 9

• chewing (louse species)
• sponging (house flies)
• chewing & lapping (Tabanidae)
• Piercing & sucking (mosquitoes)

Question 10

Insects normally have 2 pairs of wings. Which order only has 1 pair?

Answer 10

Diptera (the posterior pair is reduced to a balancing organ (Halters)

Question 11

What 5 body systems do insects possess?

Answer 11

• Nervous system
• Digestive system
• Excretory system
• Circulatory system
• Reproductive system

Question 12

The _______ secretes the exoskeleton.

Answer 12

epidermis

Question 13

What is an instar?

Answer 13

An arthropod between two successive molts

Question 14

What must an arthropod do in order to grow?

Answer 14

It must shed its exoskeleton in a process called molting

Question 15

When does an arthropod achieve sexual maturity?

Answer 15

After its final molt

Question 16

What is metamorphosis?

Answer 16

Changes in an arthropod’s form after hatching

Question 17

What is diapause

Answer 17

When an arthropod’s development is inhibited due to the environment. This occurs to survive unfavorable conditions, and can happen during different stages of the life cycle for a few weeks to several years

Question 18

What are 4 reasons an arthropod may enter diapause?

Answer 18

• poor nutrition
• desiccation (extreme drying)
• variation in light and temperature
• unfavorable external environment

Question 19

What is the taxonomy for the common house fly?

Answer 19

Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Suborder: Cyclorrhapha
Family: Muscidae
Genus: Musca
Species: domestica

Question 20

Where do the larvae of the common house fly pupate?

Answer 20

in dry soil areas surrounding food sources

Question 21

How long does it take for a house fly (Musca domestica) to complete its life cycle?

Answer 21

2 weeks

Question 22

How are arthropods a mechanical vector?

Answer 22

They are passive carriers of the etiologic agent*

*specific microorganism or pathogen responsible for causing a disease

Question 23

How are arthropods a biological vector?

Answer 23

They are used by the disease-producing organisms as a means of transmission and as a vehicle for development and/or reproduction before becoming infective

Question 24

What are 4 important issues that arthropods cause?

Answer 24

• blood loss
• skin inflammation
• allergic reactions
• nuisance

Question 25

What are the 2 classes of arthropods?

Answer 25

- Insecta - Arachnida

Question 26

What are the 4 orders of the class Insecta?

Answer 26

- Trichoptera (4-winged flies) - Diptera (2-winged flies) - Siphonaptera (Fleas) - Phthiraptera (lice)

Question 27

What order are caddisflies a part of?

Answer 27

Trichoptera | Arthropoda -> Insecta -> Trichoptera -> Caddisfly

Question 28

What are some characteristics of Caddisflies?

Answer 28

- 4 wings - short mouthparts - aquatic larvae, terrestrial adults - Larvae construct a portable case - Adults do not feed

Question 29

What are Caddisflies intermediate hosts of?

Answer 29

Trematode of bats often infected with rickettsia (Neorickettsia risticii)

Question 30

Adult Caddisflies do not feed as adults, but some species are known to feed on _____

Answer 30

nectar

Question 31

If a horse ingests a Caddisfly, rikettsia is released, which causes ______.

Answer 31

Potomac horse fever

Question 32

Where in the world is Potomac horse fever found?

Answer 32

throughout North America and has been reported in most regions of the USA and Canada

Question 33

What are the 4 familes of suborder Nematocera?

Answer 33

- Culicidae (mosquitoes) - Ceratopogonidae (midges) - Psychodidae (sand flies) - Simuliidae (black flies) | Call CPS (small flies)

Question 34

What family is part of suborder Brachycera?

Answer 34

Tabanidae (horse and deer flies)

Question 35

What are the 6 nuisance fly families of suborder Cyclorrhapha?

Answer 35

- Muscidae (house flies) - Oestridae (bot flies) - Sarcophagidae (flesh flies) - Hippoboscidae (keds/louse/forest flies) - Calliphoridae (blow flies) | MOSH C

Question 36

Which suborder of Diptera features: - small, delicate flies - long antenna - immature stages develop near aquatic or semi-aquatic areas - Larvae active, with distinct head capsule - Pupae (often) free swimming or develop in very moist soil - Adult (females) blood sucking, both sexes feed on plant juices

Answer 36

Nematocera

Question 37

Which suborder of Diptera includes: - large flies 3-20 mm - short antenna - immature stages develop near water or marshy areas - Larvae (maggots) active -> mostly predators - Female flies require a blood meal for egg maturations

Answer 37

Brachycera

Question 38

Which suborder of Diptera includes: - small to medium flies 0.5-1 cm - short antenna with 3 segments - immature stages develop in decaying plant & animal tissue, manure, carrion, etc. - larva type depends on fly species; maggots, bots, or grubs - Adult flies eat by lapping up fluids, piercing & sucking, or non-feeding

Answer 38

Cyclorrhapha

Question 39

What are the 3 types of flies?

Answer 39

- Nuisance flies - Biting flies - Myiasis flies

Question 40

What are the 4 stages of the basic dipteran life cycle?

Answer 40

egg -> larva (several larval stages) -> pupa -> adult

Question 41

What type of fly is this?

Answer 41

- Caddisfly (adult) | Trichoptera

Question 42

What is the veterinary significance of nuisance flies?

Answer 42

- Swarm around animals - Affected animals become restless and spend less time grazing - They are mechanical & biological vectors

Question 43

What do nuisance flies feed on?

Answer 43

secretions and exudate - no blood meal - around eyes (tears) - nose (mucus) - wounds

Question 44

The Musca domestica is also known as the:

Answer 44

common house fly - they are inside and outside buildings

Question 45

The Musca autumnalis is also known as the:

Answer 45

face fly of livestock - they worry animals on pasture

Question 46

What are some characteristics of Musca domestica? (common house fly)

Answer 46

- black abdomen - brown thorax - spongy mouthparts

Question 47

What does Musca domestica (common house fly) feed on?

Answer 47

Any liquid-rich organic matter - Excretement, rubbish, caracasses, secretions from wounds

Question 48

Musca domestica lays eggs in:

Answer 48

Excrement or decaying organic material

Question 49

Musca domestica larvae hatch within ___ hours, have __ larval stages, and take ___ to complete the larval stages

Answer 49

- hatch within 8-12 hours - 3 larval stages - larval stages take 3 days to several weeks to complete

Question 50

How long is the total life cycle of Musca domestica?

Answer 50

at least 8 days at 35 °C up to 49 days in 16 °C

Question 51

What is the habitat of Musca domestica?

Answer 51

around buildings, stables/houses

Question 52

What are Musca domestica biological vectors for? | 3 parasites

Answer 52

Nematodes: - Habronema in horses (attacks the stomach) - Parafilaria in cattle (attacks skin and tissues) - Thelazia spp in horses and cattle

Question 53

What kind of fly is Musca domestica?

Answer 53

Nuisance flies