article

Question 1

how many sources were used

Answer 1

190

Question 2

title

Answer 2

the gut microbiota-brain axis in behavior and brain disorders

Question 3

authors

Answer 3

• Livia H. Morais
• Henry L. Schreiber
• Sarkis K. Mazmanian

Question 4

who published it

Answer 4

“Reviews”
- Nature Reviews

Question 5

what does GF mean

Answer 5

germ-free

Question 6

3 ways microbiota can influence development/function of nervous system

Answer 6

1. modulation of immune response
2. impacts on metabolism
3. direct effects on neuron signaling

Question 7

allostasis

Answer 7

process used by body to respond to psychological stress and restore homeostasis

Question 8

why have neurogenerative therapies been difficult to find

Answer 8

• limitations of animal models
• lack of understanding of disease pathology

Question 9

multiple sclerosis

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autoimmune demyelinating disease characterized by degeneration of neuronal signaling throughout an individual’s lifetime

Question 10

Parkinson’s disease

Answer 10

inability to control voluntary movements

Question 11

what was transplanted into people with ASD to improve gastrointestinal inflammation and symptoms?

Answer 11

faecal microbiota

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humanized animals

Answer 12

human gut bacteria transplanted into animals

Question 13

microglia

Answer 13

innate immune cells of brain

Question 14

what does the vagus nerve link

Answer 14

gut and brain

Question 15

second brain of body

Answer 15

ENS (enteric) division of autonomic nervous system

Question 16

what type of microbiota does this paper talk about?

Answer 16

bacteria

Question 17

astrocytes

Answer 17

subtype of glial cells in CNS
- BBB formation
- interfacing w/ microglia and neruons

Question 18

oligodendrocytes

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brain cells that regulate development of neurons and insulate asonx

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neuroplasticity

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ability of nervous system to change activity by reorganizing structure and function

Question 20

brain-derived neurotrophic factor

Answer 20

protein that has important role in neuronal survival, growth, and synaptic plasticity

Question 21

y-Aminobutyric acid

Answer 21

main inhibitory neurotransmitter in adult brain

Question 22

gut-microbiota-brain axis

Answer 22

network of connections involving multiple biological systems that allows bidirectional communication between gut bacteria and the brain

Question 23

validity in experiment

Answer 23

internal, external, construct, face

Question 24

what does EEC stand for

Answer 24

enteroendocrine cells

Question 25

does gut microbiota make the BBB more or less permeable

Answer 25

less permeable

Question 26

HPA axis

Answer 26

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal