lab exam two

Question 1

which sugar solution produced the most gas with yeast?

Answer 1

glucose

Question 2

signs of stress in fish

Answer 2

changes in defecation, eye movement

Question 3

polar solutes dissolve in

Answer 3

polar solvents

Question 4

nonpolar solutes dissolve in

Answer 4

nonpolar solvenets

Question 5

anthocyanins

Answer 5

red, blue and purple pigments
- dissolve in water

Question 6

chlorophylls

Answer 6

green pigment
- dissolves in less polar solvent (ethanol)

Question 7

carotenes

Answer 7

• yellow and orange pigment
• dissolves in less polar solvent (ethanol)

Question 8

xanthophylls

Answer 8

• yellow pigment
• dissolves in less polar solvent (ethanol)

Question 9

ethanol

Answer 9

highly toxic chemical and alcohol
- drinking will make you ill and possibly blind

Question 10

what was added to the variegated coleus leaf to determine where the most starch was present?

Answer 10

Lugol’s solution

Question 11

for every molecule of CO2 produced for fish…

Answer 11

1 molecule NaOH needed to neutralize resulting acid

Question 12

steps of extracting DNA

Answer 12

1. lysing cell using chemical/mechanical means
2. addition of salt/detergent solution
3. addition of meat tenderizer
4. ethanol added
5. centrifugation

Question 13

pathogen

Answer 13

disease agent

Question 14

pandemic

Answer 14

epidemics that spread from continent to continent

Question 15

epidemiology

Answer 15

study of disease at the population level

Question 16

Typhoid Mary

Answer 16

original carrier

Question 17

phenol red

Answer 17

acid - yellow
- base - magenta/red

Question 18

Human Genome Project

Answer 18

identifying and mapping 20,000-25,000 genes that define a human being

Question 19

bioinformatics

Answer 19

field that combines statistics, mathematical modeling, and computer science to analyze biological data

Question 20

BLAST

Answer 20

basic local alignment search tool
- searches for identical/similar sequences

Question 21

cladogram

Answer 21

(phylogenetic tree)
- visualization of evolutionary relatedness of species

Question 22

cladistics

Answer 22

shows relationship between dif organisms base don presence/absence of certain characteristics (derived)

Question 23

derived characters

Answer 23

unique characteristics of particular group of organisms

Question 24

what does blending do for DNA extraction

Answer 24

disrupt cell and nuclear membranes

Question 25

what does salt and detergent do in DNA extraction

Answer 25

break down and emulsify fat and proteins that make up membranes

Question 26

what does meat tenderizer do

Answer 26

contains proteases (digestive enzymes) that cut away histones that coil DNA - unwind DNA

Question 27

is DNA soluble or insoluble in ethanol

Answer 27

insoluble

Question 28

why is ethanol added in DNA extraction

Answer 28

DNA is insoluble in ethanol, which causes the DNA to precipitate/separate from solution

Question 29

agglutinogens

Answer 29

agglutinating antigens on surface of red blood cells

Question 30

scientific name for red blood cells

Answer 30

erythrocytes

Question 31

agglutinating antigen types

Answer 31

A or B

Question 32

what types of antibodies against antigens does a person normally produce

Answer 32

against antigens that are not in their blood cells

Question 33

antibodies for antigen A person

Answer 33

anti-B antibodies

Question 34

antibodies for antigen B person

Answer 34

anti-A antibodies

Question 35

antibodies for blood type O (neither A or B)

Answer 35

both anti-A and anti-B antibodies

Question 36

antibodies for blood type AB (both A and B)

Answer 36

neither anti-A or anti-B antibodies

Question 37

what is blood type based on

Answer 37

antigens present

Question 38

4 blood groups

Answer 38

A, B, AB, O

Question 39

most common blood type in U.S.

Answer 39

O - then A, then B, then AB

Question 40

universal donor

Answer 40

O-

Question 41

universal recipient

Answer 41

AB+

Question 42

agglutinates

Answer 42

blood clumps

Question 43

how to do blood typing test

Answer 43

- if blood agglutinates when adding anti-A serum, it is blood type A - if blood agglutinates in both samples, type AB - absence of agglutination = O

Question 44

3 alleles for ABO antigens on red blood cells

Answer 44

A antigen - I^A B antigen - I^B O antigen - i

Question 45

codominance

Answer 45

both alleles fully expressed I^A and I^B

Question 46

ratio of sugar to yeast in cellular respiration experiment

Answer 46

4:2

Question 47

control in cellular respiration experiment

Answer 47

distilled water

Question 48

beaker with fish equation

Answer 48

CO2 + H2O -> H2CO3 -> HCO3- + H+

Question 49

titration equation

Answer 49

HCO3- + H+ + NaOH -> NaHCO3 + H2O

Question 50

purpose of baking soda in leaf disk experiment

Answer 50

provided carbon dioxide for photosynthesis

Question 51

why does lime water turn white when CO2 is blown into it

Answer 51

the Ca(OH)2 (aq) reacts with the CO2 to form CaCO3 and H2O

Question 52

cri du chat

Answer 52

deletion on chromosome 5, larynx improperly developed 46 chromosomes

Question 53

down syndrome

Answer 53

trisomy 21 47 chromosomes

Question 54

Edward's syndrome

Answer 54

trisomy 18 - retardation, elongated skull, malformed heart - 47 chromosomes

Question 55

Jacob's syndrome

Answer 55

XYY - supermale - 47 chromsomes

Question 56

Klinefelter syndrome

Answer 56

XXY - 47 chromosomes

Question 57

Patau syndrome

Answer 57

trisomy 13 - abnormal cerebral functions - 47 chromosomes

Question 58

Triple X

Answer 58

trisomy X - superfemale - 47 chromosomes

Question 59

Turner syndrome

Answer 59

monosomy X - 45 chromosomes

Question 60

what are antigens

Answer 60

substance on the surface of red blood cells - A and B

Question 61

what happens when someone is given the wrong type of blood during transfusion?

Answer 61

the blood will agglutinate and activate the person's immune system, which will destroy the agglutinated erythrocytes

Question 62

what happens when erythrocytes are destroyed?

Answer 62

they release hemoglobin into the plasma and reduce the blood's oxygen-carrying capability

Question 63

is being Rh+ a dominant or recessive trait?

Answer 63

dominant

Question 64

epidemic

Answer 64

rapid spread of life threatening disease

Question 65

another name for typhoid mary

Answer 65

index case

Question 66

how many genes in human genome

Answer 66

20,000-25,000